ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2023
Rapid Alternate Flicker Modulates Binocular Interaction in Adults With Abnormal Binocular Vision.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monocular Contrast Sensitivity Visual Perceptual Learning Rebalances Adult Amblyopes' Two Eyes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Binocular Imbalance and Myopic Shift in Unoperated Eyes After Unilateral SMILE and tPRK.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Comment on: "Effects of Monocular Flicker on Binocular Imbalance in Amblyopic and Nonamblyopic Adults".Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Effects of Monocular Flicker on Binocular Imbalance in Amblyopic and Nonamblyopic Adults.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: The current understanding of binocular processing is primarily derived from static spatial visual perception: this leaves the role of temporal information unclear. In this study, we addressed this gap by testing the effect of alternating flicker on binocular information processing in adults with abnormal binocular vision. Our goal was to determine which temporal frequency optimally balanced input from both eyes. Methods: We took measurements in four groups of human adults: 10 normal adults with the individual's nondominant eye covered by a 2% neutral density filter (aged 25.60 ± 1.43 years, experiment 1), 9 nonamblyopic anisometropes (aged 24.33 ± 1.66 years, experiment 2), 7 amblyopes (aged 26.5 ± 1.64 years, experiment 3), and 7 treated amblyopes (aged 24 ± 3.21 years, experiment 4). The balance point (BP), where participants' two eyes are equally effective, was measured using a binocular orientation combination task at four spatial frequencies (SFs; 0.5-4 c/d) and five temporal frequencies (TFs; baseline and 4, 7, 10, and 15 Hz). Its log transformation |logBP| was taken into further analysis. Results: We observed clear U-shaped temporal tuning of the |logBP| for the entire range of TFs (that we measured: trough occurred at 7 Hz). This pattern occurred and was significant in all four groups (P < 0.001). In addition, the effect of SFs on |logBP| was significant in normal, amblyopic, and treated amblyopic groups (all P < 0.001) and was marginally significant in the nonamblyopic anisometropic group (P = 0.086). Conclusions: Alternating flicker around 7 Hz may be the optimal temporal frequency for balancing eyes in human adults with binocular imbalance.
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