ArticleBJPsych open2023
Response to electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant depression: nationwide observational follow-up study.
Article in BJPsych open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Applications of machine learning in deep brain stimulation for major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Electroconvulsive therapy induces rapid microstructural and macrostructural changes, but microstructural changes are longer-lasting.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Trial
- Convergent increases in serotonin 1B receptor binding following ketamine and electroconvulsive therapy: a multi-centre bayesian re-analysis of PET data.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Diverging Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms During Electroconvulsive Therapy: Toward Personalized Treatment.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Association between serum concentrations of psychotropic drugs and seizure quality during ECT treatment.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Increased Aperiodic Exponents Track Depression Symptom Severity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Patient characteristics, treatment patterns and clinical response in patients with treatment resistant depression starting a new treatment in the clinical setting: a multicenter, observational study in Portugal.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Integrating clinical proxies and metabolic data identifies and distinguishes high-risk depression subtypes in a real-world first-hospitalization cohort.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Electroconvulsive therapy and autobiographical memory.Psychiatry, psychology, and law : an interdisciplinary journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law · 2026Article
- The effects of electroconvulsive therapy on cognition: an exploratory retrospective study.CNS spectrums · 2025Article
- Trajectory of peripheral inflammation during index ECT in association with clinical outcomes in treatment-resistant depression.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Approaches to Tackle the Challenge of Depression That Is Resistant to Treatment-A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Electroconvulsive therapy reduces suicidality and all-cause mortality in refractory depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of neurostimulation studies.Neuroscience applied · 2025Review
- Electroconvulsive Therapy and Brain Network Reorganization: Dynamic Connectivity Insights and Implications for the Treatment of Depression and Suicidal Ideation.Biological psychiatry · 2024Article
- A review of diffusion MRI in mood disorders: mechanisms and predictors of treatment response.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Comparative Side-Effects of Neurosurgical Treatment of Treatment-Resistant Depression.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- A Case of Treatment-Resistant Depression Complicated by Traumatic Brain Injury and Seizure: Implications for Interventional Treatment and Psychiatric Training.Harvard review of psychiatryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have not investigated response rates after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with non-psychotic treatment-resistant depression (TRD).
aimsTo assess and compare the response rate of ECT for patients with TRD and non-TRD, in a large and clinically representative patient sample.
methodPatients aged ≥18 years, who were treated for a unipolar, non-psychotic depressive episode with at least one ECT session as part of a first-time, index ECT series between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2017 were included from the Swedish National Quality Register for ECT. Patients who had initiated a third consecutive trial of antidepressants or add-on medications before start of ECT were classified as having TRD. Patients not meeting criteria for TRD were classified as non-TRD. The main outcome was response to ECT according to the Clinical Global Impressions - Improvement Scale (CGI-I), scored as 1 or 2 ('very much' or 'much improved' after ECT, respectively). Logistic regression was used to compare outcome measures between TRD and non-TRD, adjusting for potential confounders.
resultsA total of 4244 patients were included. Of these, 1121 patients had TRD and 3123 patients had non-TRD. The CGI-I response rate was 65.9% in the TRD group compared with 75.9% in the non-TRD group (adjusted odds ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.54-0.75). Older age and more severe depression were predictors of response in patients with TRD.
conclusionsA clear majority of patients with TRD, as well as patients with non-TRD, responded to ECT, although the response rate was somewhat lower for TRD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.