Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36785910›Full record

ArticleMolecular genetics & genomic medicine2023

The current benefit of genome sequencing compared to exome sequencing in patients with developmental or epileptic encephalopathies.

Anna Grether, Ivan Ivanovski, Martina Russo, Anaïs Begemann, Katharina Steindl, Lucia Abela, Michael Papik, Markus Zweier, Beatrice Oneda, Pascal Joset and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular genetics & genomic medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Arriving at a diagnosis: Effective strategies used by the Undiagnosed Diseases Network.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2026
    Article
  2. Genetic testing in liver diseases: Clinical applications.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Anna GretherInstitute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Ivan IvanovskiInstitute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Martina RussoInstitute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Anaïs BegemannInstitute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6762-0819
Katharina SteindlInstitute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Lucia AbelaDivision of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Michael PapikInstitute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Markus ZweierInstitute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Beatrice OnedaInstitute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Pascal JosetMedical Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Anita RauchInstitute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-2930-3163
University of Zurich · CHUniversity Children's Hospital Zurich · CHUniversity Hospital of Basel · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAs the technology of next generation sequencing rapidly develops and costs are constantly reduced, the clinical availability of whole genome sequencing (WGS) increases. Thereby, it remains unclear what exact advantage WGS offers in comparison to whole exome sequencing (WES) for the diagnosis of genetic diseases using current technologies.

methodsTrio-WGS was conducted for 20 patients with developmental or epileptic encephalopathies who remained undiagnosed after WES and chromosomal microarray analysis.

resultsA diagnosis was reached for four patients (20%). However, retrospectively all pathogenic variants could have been detected in a WES analysis conducted with today's methods and knowledge.

conclusionThe additional diagnostic yield of WGS versus WES is currently largely explained by new scientific insights and the general technological progress. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that whole genome sequencing has greater potential for the analysis of small copy number and copy number neutral variants not seen with WES as well as variants in noncoding regions, especially as potentially more knowledge of the function of noncoding regions arises. We, therefore, conclude that even though today the added value of WGS versus WES seems to be limited, it may increase substantially in the future.

Indexed as

Brain DiseasesGenome, HumanExome SequencingHumansRetrospective StudiesWhole Genome Sequencingdiagnostic yieldepileptic encephalopathywhole exome sequencingwhole genome sequencing

Identifiers

PMID36785910
PMCPMC10178799
OpenAlexW4320709286

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.