Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36782182›Full record

SynthesisThe journal of headache and pain2023

Primary headache epidemiology in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Agnese Onofri, Umberto Pensato, Chiara Rosignoli, William Wells-Gatnik, Emily Stanyer, Raffaele Ornello, Hui Zhou Chen, Federico De Santis, Angelo Torrente, Petr Mikulenka and 10 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The journal of headache and pain, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07418723 (Personalised Process-based Psychological Intervention for Paediatric Headache Cases), which is not on this map. Cited by 135 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
135citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
38.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07418723 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Personalised Process-based Psychological Intervention for Paediatric Headache Cases: An Idiographic Ecological Momentary Study With Weekly Feedback Provision

TypeinterventionalSponsorRoyal Holloway UniversityRan2024 to 2025Enrolled5ConditionsPrimary Headaches (Includes Migraines, Tension, Cluster Headaches)ArmsPBT Personalised
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

135 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.

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  12. Aberrant Spontaneous Low-Frequency Brain Activity in Migraine: A Meta-Analysis of Resting-State fMRI Studies.Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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  19. Migraine in children and adolescents.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026
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75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors at 12 institutions in 8 countries.

Agnese OnofriDepartment of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Umberto PensatoNeurology and Stroke Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
Chiara RosignoliDepartment of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
William Wells-GatnikDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Emily StanyerWolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK.
Raffaele OrnelloDepartment of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Hui Zhou ChenWolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK.
Federico De SantisDepartment of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Angelo TorrenteDepartment of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Petr MikulenkaDepartment of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic.
Gabriele MonteDepartment of Neuroscience, Neurology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto Di Ricovero E Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
Karol MarschollekDepartment of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Marta Waliszewska-ProsółDepartment of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Wietse WielsFaculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
Deirdre M BoucherieDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Dilara OnanFaculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Fatemeh FarhamDepartment of Headache, Iranian Center of Neurological Researchers, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Linda Al-HassanyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Simona SaccoDepartment of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy. simona.sacco@univaq.it.
European Headache Federation School of Advanced Studies (EHF-SAS)
University of L'Aquila · ITErasmus MC · NLKing's College London · GBWroclaw Medical University · PLBambino Gesù Children's Hospital · ITCharles University · CZHacettepe University · TRIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital · ITSapienza University of Rome · ITTehran University of Medical Sciences · IRUniversity of Palermo · ITVrije Universiteit Brussel · BE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionHeadache is the most prevalent neurological manifestation in adults and one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. In children and adolescents, headaches are arguably responsible for a remarkable impact on physical and psychological issues, yet high-quality evidence is scarce. MATERIAL AND

methodsWe searched cross-sectional and cohort studies in Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases from January 1988 to June 2022 to identify the prevalence of headaches in 8-18 years old individuals. The risk of bias was examined with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scale. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of pediatric headache. Subgroup analyses based on headache subtypes were also conducted.

resultsOut of 5,486 papers retrieved electronically, we identified 48 studies that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of primary headaches was 11% for migraine overall [95%CI: 9-14%], 8% for migraine without aura (MwoA) [95%CI: 5-12%], 3% for migraine with aura (MwA) [95%CI:2-4%] and 17% for tension-type headache (TTH) [95% CI: 12-23%]. The pooled prevalence of overall primary headache in children and adolescents was 62% [95% CI: 53-70%], with prevalence in females and males of 38% [95% CI: 16-66%] and 27% [95% CI: 11-53%] respectively. After the removal of studies ranked as low-quality according to the JBI scale, prevalence rates were not substantially different. Epidemiological data on less common primary headaches, such as trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, were lacking.

conclusionWe found an overall remarkably high prevalence of primary headaches in children and adolescents, even if flawed by a high degree of heterogeneity. Further up-to-date studies are warranted to complete the picture of pediatric headache-related burden to enhance specific public interventions.

Indexed as

Migraine with AuraMigraine without AuraTension-Type HeadacheAdolescentAdultChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHeadacheHumansMalePrevalenceChild and adolescent headacheHeadache epidemiologyMeta-analysisMigrainePrevalenceSystematic reviewTension-type headache

Identifiers

PMID36782182
PMCPMC9926688
OpenAlexW4320481762

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.