ArticleNature microbiology2023
Cooperative virulence via the collective action of secreted pathogen effectors.
Article in Nature microbiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- A VvWRKY8-salicylic acid pathway amplification loop confers resistance to Plasmopara viticola in grapevine.Molecular horticulture · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Construction of an Effector-Target Interaction Network for Identification of Immune-Related Effectors in Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Article
- Revisiting race 1 ofJournal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- Pathological convergence of a bacterial plant pathogen is associated with the horizontal transfer of an effector-containing mobile element.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- From gene-for-gene to NLRome-for-effectorome: decoding the dynamic interplay between phytopathogenic effector networks and plant immune systems.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Negative Frequency-Dependent Selection Promotes Strain Structure in a Plant Pathogen.Ecology letters · 2026Article
- Bimodal expression of Type 3 Secretion System 2 enables cooperative virulence among intracellular Salmonella Typhimurium.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Woody Host-Specific Type III Effector HopBL2 Is Essential for Pseudomonas savastanoi Virulence and Associates With Plasmodesmata.Molecular plant pathology · 2025Article
- Advancing forest pathology: the need for community-driven molecular experimental model systems.The New phytologist · 2025Review
- Diverse Genetic Mechanisms Enable Pseudomonas syringae to Rapidly Overcome Effector-Triggered Immunity.Molecular plant pathology · 2025Article
- Quantitative dissection of Agrobacterium T-DNA expression in single plant cells reveals density-dependent synergy and antagonism.Nature plants · 2025Article
- Cooperation and antagonism in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.Nature plants · 2025Article
- Pseudomonas syringae subpopulations cooperate by coordinating flagellar and type III secretion spatiotemporal dynamics to facilitate plant infection.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Atypical RXLR effectors are involved inaBIOTECH · 2025Article
- A catalogue of virulence strategies mediated by phytopathogenic effectors.Fundamental research · 2025Review
- Bacterial wilt disease alters the structure and function of fungal communities around plant roots.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Individually redundant effectors are collectively required for bacterial pathogen virulence.The ISME journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although virulence is typically attributed to single pathogenic strains, here we investigated whether effectors secreted by a population of non-virulent strains could function as public goods to enable the emergence of collective virulence. We disaggregated the 36 type III effectors of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae strain PtoDC3000 into a 'metaclone' of 36 coisogenic strains, each carrying a single effector in an effectorless background. Each coisogenic strain was individually unfit, but the metaclone was collectively as virulent as the wild-type strain on Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting that effectors can drive the emergence of cooperation-based virulence through their public action. We show that independently evolved effector suits can equally drive this cooperative behaviour by transferring the effector alleles native to the strain PmaES4326 into the conspecific but divergent strain PtoDC3000. Finally, we transferred the disaggregated PtoDC3000 effector arsenal into Pseudomonas fluorescens and show that their cooperative action was sufficient to convert this rhizosphere-inhabiting beneficial bacterium into a phyllosphere pathogen. These results emphasize the importance of microbial community interactions and expand the ecological scale at which disease may be attributed.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.