ArticleNature communications2023
Emergence and spread of two SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest in Nigeria.
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Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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19citing papers in PubMed
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19 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- SAASI: Sampling Aware Ancestral State Inference.Nature communications · 2026Article
- COVID19 Sero-epidemiology and vaccine uptake in two Southern Nigerian clinics.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Genomic surveillance and phylo-evolutionary analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Osun state, Nigeria during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic.BMC medical genomics · 2025Article
- Phylodynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Lineages B.1.1.7, B.1.1.529 and B.1.617.2 in Nigeria Suggests Divergent Evolutionary Trajectories.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genomic diversity and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Genomic Surveillance and Molecular Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants During the Peak of the Pandemic in Türkiye.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Adults in Ghana generate higher and more durable neutralising antibody titres following primary course COVID-19 vaccination than matched UK adults: The HERITAGE Study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
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- Systematic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 reveals dynamics of variant mutagenesis and transmission in a large urban population.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria.IJID regions · 2024Article
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- Immunological insights into COVID-19 in Southern Nigeria.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Metagenomic surveillance uncovers diverse and novel viral taxa in febrile patients from Nigeria.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Genomic surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Burundi, from May 2021 to January 2022.BMC genomics · 2023Article
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- The importance of investing in data, models, experiments, team science, and public trust to help policymakers prepare for the next pandemic.PLOS global public health · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
139 authors at 18 institutions in 3 countries.
Idowu B Olawoye *Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-6658-9917
Paul E Oluniyi *Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-2651-2149
Judith U Oguzie *Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0003-0592-6905
Jessica N Uwanibe *Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Tolulope A Kayode *Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0003-4249-9850
Testimony J Olumade *Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-5046-153X
Fehintola V Ajogbasile *Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Edyth Parker *Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8312-1446
Philomena E EromonAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Priscilla AbechiDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Tope A SobajoDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Chinedu A UgwuDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-6347-1593
Uwem E GeorgeDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0001-5474-1048
Femi AyoadeDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-6599-3109
Kazeem AkanoDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Nicholas E OyejideAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Iguosadolo NosamiefanAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Iyanuoluwa Fred-AkintunwaAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Kemi Adedotun-SulaimanAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Farida B BrimmoAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Babatunde B AdegboyegaAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Courage PhilipAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Richard A AdelekeAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-6778-3797
Grace C ChukwuAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Muhammad I AhmedAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-7679-5052
Oludayo O Ope-EweAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Shobi G OtitoolaAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Olusola A OgunsanyaAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Mudasiru F SaibuAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Ayotunde E SijuwolaAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Grace O EzekielAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Oluwagboadurami G JohnDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Julie O Akin-JohnDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Oluwasemilogo O AkinloAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Olanrewaju O FayemiAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Testimony O IpayeAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Deborah C NwodoAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Abolade E OmoniyiAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Iyobosa B OmwangheAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Christabel A TerkumaAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Johnson OkolieAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Olubukola Ayo-AleAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Odia IkponmwosaIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Ebo BenevolenceIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Grace O NaregoseIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Akhilomen E PatienceIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Osiemi BlessingIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Airende MichealIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Agbukor JacquelineIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
John O AiyepadaIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Paulson EbhodagheIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Omiunu RachealIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Esumeh RitaIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Giwa E RosemaryIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Ehikhametalor SolomonIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Ekanem AnienoIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Yerumoh EdnaIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Aire O ChrisIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Adomeh I DonatusIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Ephraim Ogbaini-EmovonIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Mirabeau Y TatfengDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Hannah E OmunakweSatellite Molecular Laboratory, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-5146-5890
Mienye Bob-ManuelSatellite Molecular Laboratory, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Rahaman A AhmedThe Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-0389-5722
Chika K OnwuamahThe Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-5111-1822
Joseph O ShaibuThe Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Azuka OkwuraiweThe Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0003-2878-0531
Anthony E AtagaMolecular Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology and Bioresources Research, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Andrew Bock-OrumaFamily Physician, SPDC, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Funmi DaramolaClinical Health, SPDC, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Ibrahim F YusufClinical Health, SPDC, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Akinwumi FajolaRegional Community Health, SPDC, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Nsikak-Abasi NtiaOccupational Health, SPDC, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Julie J EkpoDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Anietie E MosesDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0001-6881-5466
Beatrice W Moore-IgweRivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Oluwatosin E FakayodeDepartment of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Monilade AkinolaWHO Polio Laboratory, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
Ibrahim M KidaDepartment of Immunology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
Bamidele S OderindeDepartment of Immunology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0003-4420-8607
Zara W WudiriDepartment of Community Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
Oluwapelumi O AdeyemiDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences. College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-0848-5917
Olusola A AkanbiNigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-1107-035X
Anthony AhumibeNigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.
Afolabi AkinpeluNigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-1837-6255
Oyeronke AyansolaNigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.
Olajumoke BabatundeNigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.
Adesuyi A OmoareNigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0003-4065-6509
Chimaobi ChukwuNigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0003-2411-0290
Nwando G MbaNigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.
Ewean C OmoruyiMedical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Olasunkanmi OlisaBiorepository Clinical Virology Laboratory, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Olatunji K AkandeBiorepository Clinical Virology Laboratory, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0003-4379-4472
Ifeanyi E NwaforVirology Laboratory, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Matthew A EkehVirology Laboratory, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Erim NdomaVirology Laboratory, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Richard L EwahVirology Laboratory, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Rosemary O DuruihuomaVirology Laboratory, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Augustine AbuVirology Laboratory, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Elizabeth OdehVirology Laboratory, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Venatius OnyiaVirology Laboratory, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Chiedozie K OjideVirology Laboratory, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Sylvanus OkoroAlex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
Daniel IgweAlex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
Emeka O OgahAlex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
Kamran KhanDepartment of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Nnennaya A AjayiInternal Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-2298-5846
Collins N UgwuInternal Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
Kingsley N UkwajaInternal Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
Ngozi I UgwuHaematology Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
Chukwuyem AbejegahFederal Medical Center, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Nelson AdedosuFederal Medical Center, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Olufemi AyodejiFederal Medical Center, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Ahmed A LiasuFederal Medical Center, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Rafiu O IsamotuMinistry of Health, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
Galadima GadzamaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
Brittany A PetrosBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2110-7475
Katherine J SiddleBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1799-7295
Stephen F SchaffnerBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6699-3568
George AkpedeIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Cyril Oshomah EramehIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Marycelin M BabaWHO Polio Laboratory, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-1004-1717
Femi OladijiDepartment of Epidemiology and Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-8507-5305
Rosemary AuduThe Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-0330-5219
Nnaemeka NdodoNigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.
Adeola FowotadeVirology Laboratory, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Sylvanus OkogbeninIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Peter O OkokhereIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
Danny J ParkBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7226-7781
Bronwyn L McannisBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0082-968X
Ifedayo M AdetifaNigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.
Chikwe IhekweazuNigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.
Babatunde L SalakoThe Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Oyewale TomoriAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-6959-5749
Anise N HappiAfrican Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Onikepe A FolarinDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0001-7283-2920
Kristian G AndersenDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6431-5982
Pardis C SabetiBroad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9843-1890
Christian T HappiDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. happic@run.edu.ng.ORCID 0000-0002-3056-6705
Redeemer's University · NGIrrua Specialist Teaching Hospital · NGFederal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki · NGNigeria Centre for Disease Control · NGRivers State University · NGBroad Institute · USNigerian Institute of Medical Research · NGUniversity of Maiduguri · NGFederal Medical Centre · NGUniversity of Ibadan · NGScripps Research Institute · USUniversity of Ilorin · NGUniversity of Uyo · NGHarvard University · USNiger Delta University · NGOsun State University · NGUniversity of Port Harcourt · NGUniversity of Toronto · CA
Funding
Technology CoreU19AI135995 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI Kristian Graugaard Andersen · 2018 to 2026
$32.0MMedical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM144273 · NIGMS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI David Shumway Jones, Jacqueline A. Lees · 2022 to 2026
$14.7MWest African Emerging Infectious Disease Research Center (WA-EIDRC)U01AI151812 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI ANDERSEN, KRISTIAN GRAUGAARD, GARRY, ROBERT F · 2020 to 2024
$13.2MUtilize Microbial Metagenomics for Viral Pathogen CharacterizationU54HG007480 · NHGRI · REDEEMER'S UNIVERSITY · PI HAPPI, CHRISTIAN T. · 2017 to 2022
$5.5MHost and Microbial Genetic Determinants of Febrile Illness in West AfricaU01HG007480 · NHGRI · REDEEMER'S UNIVERSITY · PI HAPPI, CHRISTIAN T. · 2013 to 2016
$1.6MNHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG007480NHGRI NIH HHS U54 HG007480NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI151812NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM144273Wellcome Trust
Abstract
Identifying the dissemination patterns and impacts of a virus of economic or health importance during a pandemic is crucial, as it informs the public on policies for containment in order to reduce the spread of the virus. In this study, we integrated genomic and travel data to investigate the emergence and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.318 and B.1.525 (Eta) variants of interest in Nigeria and the wider Africa region. By integrating travel data and phylogeographic reconstructions, we find that these two variants that arose during the second wave in Nigeria emerged from within Africa, with the B.1.525 from Nigeria, and then spread to other parts of the world. Data from this study show how regional connectivity of Nigeria drove the spread of these variants of interest to surrounding countries and those connected by air-traffic. Our findings demonstrate the power of genomic analysis when combined with mobility and epidemiological data to identify the drivers of transmission, as bidirectional transmission within and between African nations are grossly underestimated as seen in our import risk index estimates.
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COVID-19SARS-CoV-2HumansNigeria
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