Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2023
Early Treatment with Pegylated Interferon Lambda for Covid-19.
2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialAdaptive Clinical Trial
In one paragraph
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 116 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
116citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
32.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multicenter, Prospective, Adaptive, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of Fluvoxamine Plus Budesonide, Fluoxetine Plus Budesonide and Spirulin Platensis, in High Risk Patients With Mild COVID-19
Early Interferon-beta Treatment for West-Nile Virus Infection
Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 169 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Choice of Viral Load End Point in Early Phase Trials of COVID-19 Treatments Aiming to Reduce 28-Day Hospitalization and/or Death.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Drug treatments for mild or moderate covid-19: systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Pooled it
- The relationship between viral clearance rates and disease progression in early symptomatic COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Pooled it
- Outpatient randomized controlled trials to reduce COVID-19 hospitalization: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of inhaled interferon-β1a on SARS-CoV-2 diversity and evolution.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Trial
- Assessing the Potential of an Enzymatically Liberated Salmon Oil to Support Immune Health Recovery from Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection via Change in the Expression of Cytokine, Chemokine and Interferon-Related Genes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Trial
- Statistical Challenges When Analyzing SARS-CoV-2 RNA Measurements Below the Assay Limit of Quantification in COVID-19 Clinical Trials.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Interferon-λ inhibits immunopathology and boosts T cell-mediated immunity in a mouse model of mucosal viral infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- High risk of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in myasthenia gravis patients with type I IFN autoantibodies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Disentangling Shared and Differential Genetic Architectures Between COVID-19 and Other Respiratory Disorders-A Genome-Wide Multi-Omics Framework.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Spike 1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces endothelial inflammation and vascular dysfunction through interferon ISG15-dependent mechanisms.Cardiovascular research · 2026Article
- Temporal Dynamics of Innate Immune Activation and Viral Interference During Sequential Co-Infection with Influenza A Virus and SARS-CoV-2: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Subtype-specific functions of basal IFNλs.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- High risk of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in myasthenia gravis patients with type I IFN autoantibodies.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- The rhinovirus puzzle: Linking virus and host factors to childhood asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Proceedings of the 2Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2026Article
- Interferon-α Nasal Spray Prophylaxis Reduces COVID-19 in Cancer Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Host Responses to SARS-CoV-2 with an Emphasis on Cytokines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Hyperinflammation and immunomodulation in influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and syncytial respiratory virus infection in adults: from innate immune responses and biomarkers to clinical and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
42 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.
Gilmar ReisFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).ORCID 0000-0002-4847-1034
Eduardo A S Moreira SilvaFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Daniela C Medeiros SilvaFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Lehana ThabaneFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Vitoria H S CamposFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Thiago S FerreiraFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Castilho V Q SantosFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Ana M R NogueiraFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Ana P F G AlmeidaFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Leonardo C M SavassiFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Adhemar D Figueiredo-NetoFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Ana C F DiasFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Adelino M Freire JúniorFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Carina BitarãesFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Aline C MilagresFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Eduardo D CallegariFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Maria I C SimplicioFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Luciene B RibeiroFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Rosemary OliveiraFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Ofir HarariFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).ORCID 0000-0002-2901-0558
Lindsay A WilsonFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Jamie I ForrestFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Hinda RutonFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Sheila SpragueFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Paula McKayFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Christina M GuoFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Eve H Limbrick-OldfieldFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Steve KantersFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Gordon H GuyattFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Craig R RaynerFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Christopher KandelFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Mia J BiondiFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Robert KozakFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Bettina HansenFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
M Atif ZahoorFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Paul AroraFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Colin HislopFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Ingrid ChoongFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Jordan J FeldFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Edward J MillsFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
Jeffrey S GlennFrom ViRx@Stanford, Stanford Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (G.R., J.S.G., E.J.M.), and the Departments of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine (J.S.G.), Stanford, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.S.G.) and Eiger BioPharmaceuticals (C.H., I.C.), Palo Alto - all in California; the Research Division, Cardresearch-Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., T.S.F., C.V.Q.S., M.I.C.S., L.B.R., R.O.), the Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (G.R., E.A.S.M.S., D.C.M.S., V.H.S.C., C.V.Q.S.), and Target Medicina de Precisão (A.C.F.D., A.M.F.J.), Belo Horizonte, the Department of Public Health and Mental and Family Medicine, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto (L.C.M.S., C.B., A.C.M.), the Public Health Care Division, Ibirité (C.B., A.C.M.), the Department of Public Health at UNIFIPMoc and Family Medicine Fellowship Program, Montes Claros (A.M.R.N., A.P.F.G.A.), the Public Health Fellowship Program, Governador Valadares Public Health Authority, Governador Valadares (A.D.F.-N.), and the Public Health Care Division, Brumadinho (E.D.C., B.H.) - all in Brazil; the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (G.R., L.T., S.S., P.M., G.H.G., E.J.M.), Cytel (O.H., H.R., P.A., E.J.M.), Platform Life Sciences (L.A.W., J.I.F., C.M.G., E.J.M.), and RainCity Analytics (E.H.L.-O., S.K.), Vancouver, BC, Michael Garron Hospital (C.K.) and the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network (M.A.Z., J.J.F.), University of Toronto, the School of Nursing, York University (M.J.B.), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (R.K.), Toronto - all in Canada; Certara, Princeton, NJ (C.R.R.); Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.R.R.); and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.H.).
TOGETHER Investigators
Stanford Medicine · USPontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais · BRUniversidade Federal de Ouro Preto · BRTarget (United States) · USUniversity Health Network · CACertara (United States) · USSunnybrook Health Science Centre · CAToronto East General Hospital · CAUniversity of Toronto · CAVeterans Health Administration · US
Funding
The FIOCRUZ Therapeutic and Prevention HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials Unit (FioTrials)UM1AI069476 · NIAID · FUNDACAO OSWALDO CRUZ · PI BEATRIZ GRINSZTEJN · 2012 to 2026
$26.3MNIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI069476
Abstract
backgroundThe efficacy of a single dose of pegylated interferon lambda in preventing clinical events among outpatients with acute symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is unclear.
methodsWe conducted a randomized, controlled, adaptive platform trial involving predominantly vaccinated adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Brazil and Canada. Outpatients who presented with an acute clinical condition consistent with Covid-19 within 7 days after the onset of symptoms received either pegylated interferon lambda (single subcutaneous injection, 180 μg) or placebo (single injection or oral). The primary composite outcome was hospitalization (or transfer to a tertiary hospital) or an emergency department visit (observation for >6 hours) due to Covid-19 within 28 days after randomization.
resultsA total of 933 patients were assigned to receive pegylated interferon lambda (2 were subsequently excluded owing to protocol deviations) and 1018 were assigned to receive placebo. Overall, 83% of the patients had been vaccinated, and during the trial, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants had emerged. A total of 25 of 931 patients (2.7%) in the interferon group had a primary-outcome event, as compared with 57 of 1018 (5.6%) in the placebo group, a difference of 51% (relative risk, 0.49; 95% Bayesian credible interval, 0.30 to 0.76; posterior probability of superiority to placebo, >99.9%). Results were generally consistent in analyses of secondary outcomes, including time to hospitalization for Covid-19 (hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% Bayesian credible interval, 0.33 to 0.95) and Covid-19-related hospitalization or death (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% Bayesian credible interval, 0.35 to 0.97). The effects were consistent across dominant variants and independent of vaccination status. Among patients with a high viral load at baseline, those who received pegylated interferon lambda had lower viral loads by day 7 than those who received placebo. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the two groups.
conclusionsAmong predominantly vaccinated outpatients with Covid-19, the incidence of hospitalization or an emergency department visit (observation for >6 hours) was significantly lower among those who received a single dose of pegylated interferon lambda than among those who received placebo. (Funded by FastGrants and others; TOGETHER ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04727424.).
Indexed as
COVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentInterferon LambdaAdultAmbulatory CareAntiviral AgentsBayes TheoremCOVID-19 VaccinesDouble-Blind MethodHumansInjections, SubcutaneousPolyethylene GlycolsSARS-CoV-2Treatment OutcomeVaccinationAntiviral AgentsCOVID-19 VaccinesInterferon LambdaPolyethylene Glycols
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
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Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT04727424ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06510426ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.