ArticleFrontiers in neurology2023
Effects of sequential inhibitory and facilitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on neurological and functional recovery of a patient with chronic stroke: A case report and literature review.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based task paradigms in stroke rehabilitation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- fNIRS reveals comparable reductions in cortical hyperconnectivity following once-daily and twice-daily rTMS in poststroke aphasia.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Comparative efficacy and mechanistic insights of non-invasive neuromodulation and motor rehabilitation on functional reorganization of the supplementary motor area in subacute stroke: a narrative review.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation modulating supplementary motor area in stroke rehabilitation: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials.AIMS neuroscience · 2026Review
- Function-specific repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for fine motor rehabilitation in chronic stroke: a case report.Psychoradiology · 2026Article
- The assessment of interhemispheric imbalance using functional near-infrared spectroscopic and transcranial magnetic stimulation for predicting motor outcome after stroke.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and purpose: The effects of conventional protocols of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the chronic phase of stroke are limited. This study aimed to apply the sequential inhibitory and facilitatory rTMS for upper limb motor dysfunction post-stroke to observe the efficacy and explore the possible neurophysiological mechanism. We hypothesize that this protocol would both enhance the excitability of affected M1 and promote connections among motor areas. Case description: We reported a 55-year-old female patient with a 1-year chronic stroke and right-sided hemiplegia, who underwent the 14-session rTMS with seven sessions of low frequency (LF) and with seven sessions of high frequency (HF). Clinical scales mainly including Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), neurophysiological measures, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were assessed before (T0), at the midpoint (T1), and after the intervention (T2). Outcomes: The patient exhibited post-intervention improvement in upper extremity function. There was increased excitability in the ipsilesional hemisphere and the opposite in the contralesional hemisphere. The interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) ratio increased from 2.70 to 10.81 and finally decreased to 1.34. Oxy-Hb signal was significantly decreased in affected M1 and mildly decreased in unaffected M1, while that of PMC and SMA on the affected side increased significantly. Conclusion: The sequential inhibitory and facilitatory rTMS significantly promoted motor recovery in the patient. Related mechanisms include upregulation of excitability in the ipsilesional hemisphere, return of interhemispheric balance, and neuroplasticity-induced cortical reorganization.
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