ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2023
The bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and pregnancy
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Oral Health, Anxiety, Depression, and Stress in Pregnancy: A Rapid Review of Associations and Implications for Perinatal Care.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of scaling and root planning combined with mouthwash during pregnancy on preterm birth and low birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- The periodontal-female reproductive axis and infertility: a scoping review of epidemiological and mechanistic evidence.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Salivary Prevalence of Four Oral Pathogens in Postpartum Women in Northeast Romania: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A scientometric analysis of research related to the 'oral-placental axis' hypothesis: current status, hotspots, and future directions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Oral prophylaxis for the reduction of interdental dysbiosis-associated red complex pathogens during pregnancy: a randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Exploratory study of the oral microbiota in pregnant women with hypothyroidism and their infants.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Immune Markers Linking Chronic Periodontitis with Gestational Complications: A Systematic Review.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Shared Inflammatory Genetic Susceptibility Underlying Spontaneous Preterm Birth and Periodontitis: A Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- A Potential Link Between Oral Microbiota and Female Reproductive Health.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Hemodilution and Serum Progesterone Regulation in Males with Obesity.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Association Between Periodontitis and Preeclampsia: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomisation Analysis.International dental journal · 2024Article
- Consideration of hormonal changes for orthodontic treatment during pregnancy and lactation - a review.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2024Review
- The NFκB Signaling Pathway Is Involved in the Pathophysiological Process of Preeclampsia.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2024Article
- Maternal periodontitis may cause lower birth weight in children: genetic evidence from a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study on periodontitis and pregnancy.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Article
- Oral health-related beliefs among a sample of pregnant women in Southwestern Ontario: a descriptive study.Frontiers in oral health · 2024Article
- Metabarcoding analysis of oral microbiome during pregnancy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Obesity and periodontitis: a comprehensive review of their interconnected pathophysiology and clinical implications.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Unveiling sex-disparities and the impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy on periodontal health.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Periodontal disease has been suggested to be linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are a significant public health issue with important clinical and societal repercussions. This article systematically reviews the available epidemiological studies involving the relationship between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes over the past 15 years, and finds a weak but independent association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and periodontal disease. The bidirectional association and the potential mechanisms are then explored, focusing on three possible mechanisms: inflammatory reaction, oral microorganisms and immune response. Specifically, elevated systemic inflammation and increased periodontal pathogens with their toxic products, along with a relatively suppressed immune system may lead to the disruption of homeostasis within fetal-placental unit and thus induce adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review also explains the possible mechanisms around why women are more susceptible to periodontal disease. In conclusion, pregnant women are more likely to develop periodontal disease due to hormonal changes, and periodontal disease has also been suspected to increase the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, in order to lessen the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, both obstetricians and dentists should pay attention to the development of periodontal diseases among women during pregnancy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.