ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2023
Nuclear translocation of spike mRNA and protein is a novel feature of SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synthetic Integration of an FCS into Coronaviruses-Hype or an Unresolved Biorisk? An Integrative Analysis of DNA Repair, Cancer Research, Drug Development, and Escape Mutant Traits.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- m6A-Modified Nucleotide Bases Improve Translation of In Vitro-Transcribed Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) mRNA in T Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Harnessing microbial tools: Escherichia coli as a vehicle for neuropeptide functional analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans.Genetics · 2026Article
- Systematic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit trafficking and secretion reveals enhanced strategies for vaccine design and quantification.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Significant Increase in Excess Deaths after Repeated COVID-19 Vaccination in Japan.JMA journal · 2025Article
- Unveiling the native architecture of adult cardiac tissue using the 3D-NaissI method.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Pre-pandemic artificial MERS analog of polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 furin cleavage site domain is unique among spike proteins of genus Betacoronavirus.BMC genomic data · 2024Article
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- The mRNA-LNP vaccines - the good, the bad and the ugly?Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Single cell phototransfection of mRNAs encoding SARS-CoV2 spike and nucleocapsid into human astrocytes results in RNA dependent translation interference.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2024Article
- mRNA: Vaccine or Gene Therapy? The Safety Regulatory Issues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- High-throughput discovery and characterization of viral transcriptional effectors in human cells.Cell systems · 2023Article
- Towards Understanding Long COVID: SARS-CoV-2 Strikes the Host Cell Nucleus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases, in Patients with Cardiac Issues, and in the Healthy Population.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Simultaneous detection and quantification of spike mRNA and protein in SARS-CoV-2 infected airway epitheliumMethodsX · 2023Article
- Recombination between coronaviruses and synthetic RNAs and biorisk implications motivated by a SARS-CoV-2 FCS origin controversy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Pro Inflammatory Cytokines Profiles of Patients With Long COVID Differ Between Variant Epochs.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes severe pathophysiology in vulnerable older populations and appears to be highly pathogenic and more transmissible than other coronaviruses. The spike (S) protein appears to be a major pathogenic factor that contributes to the unique pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Although the S protein is a surface transmembrane type 1 glycoprotein, it has been predicted to be translocated into the nucleus due to the novel nuclear localization signal (NLS) "PRRARSV," which is absent from the S protein of other coronaviruses. Indeed, S proteins translocate into the nucleus in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. S mRNAs also translocate into the nucleus. S mRNA colocalizes with S protein, aiding the nuclear translocation of S mRNA. While nuclear translocation of nucleoprotein (N) has been shown in many coronaviruses, the nuclear translocation of both S mRNA and S protein reveals a novel feature of SARS-CoV-2.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.