ArticleLancet regional health. Americas2022
Evolving stillbirth rates among Black and White women in the United States, 1980-2020: A population-based study.
Article in Lancet regional health. Americas, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Associations between adverse pregnancy outcomes and cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The lancet. Healthy longevity · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Endometriosis-Associated Infertility in China: Epidemiological Trends, Future Projection, and Real-World Clinical Insights.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- 'I Was Shattered and Broken': Unmasking the Experiences and Responses of Black Canadian to Pregnancy Loss.The Canadian journal of nursing research = Revue canadienne de recherche en sciences infirmieres · 2025Article
- The incidence, characteristics, and complications of pregnant women who delivered stillbirths under different child policies in central China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Racial and ethnic differences in access to and outcomes of elective induction of labor in low-risk pregnancies: a scoping review.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Racial and ethnic differences in the risk of recurrent preterm or small for gestational age births in the United States: a systematic review and stratified analysis.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2024Review
- Short-Term Increases in NOEnvironmental science & technology · 2024Article
- A statewide system for maternal-infant linked longitudinal surveillance: Indiana's model for improving maternal and child health.International journal of population data science · 2024Article
- Ending preventable stillbirths and improving bereavement care: a scorecard for high- and upper-middle income countries.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Given slowing secular declines and persistent racial disparities, stillbirth remains a major health burden in the US. We investigate changes in stillbirth rates overall and for Black and White women, and determine how maternal age, delivery year (period), and birth year (cohort) have shaped trends. Methods: We designed a sequential time-series analysis utilising the 1980 to 2020 US vital records data of live births and stillbirths at ≥24 weeks gestation. Stillbirth rates overall and among Black and White women were examined. We undertook an age-period-cohort analysis to evaluate temporal changes in stillbirth trends. Findings: Of 157,192,032 live births and 710,832 stillbirths between 1980 and 2020, stillbirth rates per 1000 births declined from 10.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.5, 10.7) in 1980 to 5.8 (95% CI 5.7, 5.8) in 2020. Stillbirth rates declined from 9.2 to 5.0 per 1000 births among White women (rate ratio [RR] 0.54, 95% CI 0.53, 0.55), and from 17.4 to 10.1 per 1000 births among Black women (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.55, 0.59). Black women experienced persistent two-fold higher rates compared to White women (2.01, 95% CI 1.97, 2.05 in 2020). Stillbirth rates declined until 2005, increased from 2005 to the mid-2010s and plateaued thereafter. Strong cohort effects contributed to declining rates in earlier cohorts (1930-1955) and increasing rates among women born after 1980. Interpretation: Age, period, and birth cohorts greatly influenced US stillbirth rates over the last forty years. The decline in stillbirth rate was evident between 1980 and 2005, however subsequent declines have been minimal, reflecting no further gains for cohorts of women born in 1955-1980 and stagnation of period effects starting in 2005. A significant racial disparity persisted with a two-fold excess in stillbirth rates for Black compared to White women, underscoring the need for targeted health and social policies to address disparities. Funding: None.
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