ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Hepcidin and ferritin levels as markers of immune cell activation during septic shock, severe COVID-19 and sterile inflammation.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage-Derived Ferritin Exacerbates Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via PIK3R2-Mediated Fibroblast Differentiation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The antimicrobial potential of the secretome from Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells in the context of regenerative medicine: anFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Iron as an immunometabolic signal in infection and inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting ferroptosis in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: mechanisms and therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese Medicine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Surgery and Acute Stress Decrease NRF2 mRNA Expression and Promote Iron Metabolism Alteration, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Gene Expression in the Liver of Prehypertensive Rats.Physiological research · 2025Article
- Biomarkers as Beacons: Illuminating Sepsis-Associated Hepato-Renal Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Serum ferritin levels and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sepsis after trauma-evolving paradigms in stress biology and host response failure.Burns & trauma · 2025Review
- Reduced Plasma Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 Levels in Sepsis and Septic Shock Patients.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Investigating the Hepcidin Gene Polymorphisms in COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis Susceptibility: A Clinical-Laboratory Study.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Ribonuclease inhibitor 1 emerges as a potential biomarker and modulates inflammation and iron homeostasis in sepsis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effects of Hypoxia and Inflammation on Hepcidin Concentration in Non-Anaemic COVID-19 Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Melatonin: a ferroptosis inhibitor with potential therapeutic efficacy for the post-COVID-19 trajectory of accelerated brain aging and neurodegeneration.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2024Review
- Cardiac Involvement in Patients With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Review
- Development of an iron status biomarker-based sepsis prognostic model using MIMIC-IV data.World journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Hemoglobin and Its Z Score Reference Intervals in Febrile Children: A Cohort Study of 98,572 Febrile Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Iron Status and Short-Term Recovery after Non-Severe Acute Myocarditis: A Prospective Observational Study.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Interorgan communication with the liver: novel mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Attenuation of ferroptosis as a potential therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric manifestations of post-COVID syndrome.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Major clinically relevant inflammatory events such as septic shock and severe COVID-19 trigger dynamic changes in the host immune system, presenting promising candidates for new biomarkers to improve precision diagnostics and patient stratification. Hepcidin, a master regulator of iron metabolism, has been intensively studied in many pathologies associated with immune system activation, however these data have never been compared to other clinical settings. Thus, we aimed to reveal the dynamics of iron regulation in various clinical settings and to determine the suitability of hepcidin and/or ferritin levels as biomarkers of inflammatory disease severity. Cohorts: To investigate the overall predictive ability of hepcidin and ferritin, we enrolled the patients suffering with three different diagnoses - in detail 40 patients with COVID-19, 29 patients in septic shock and eight orthopedic patients who were compared to nine healthy donors and all cohorts to each other. Results: We showed that increased hepcidin levels reflect overall immune cell activation driven by intrinsic stimuli, without requiring direct involvement of infection vectors. Contrary to hepcidin, ferritin levels were more strongly boosted by pathogen-induced inflammation - in septic shock more than four-fold and in COVID-19 six-fold in comparison to sterile inflammation. We also defined the predictive capacity of hepcidin-to-ferritin ratio with AUC=0.79 and Discussion: Our findings confirm that hepcidin is a potent marker of septic shock and other acute inflammation-associated pathologies and demonstrate the utility of the hepcidin-to-ferritin ratio as a predictor of mortality in septic shock, but not in COVID-19.
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