Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36776868›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023

Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced lung cancer: Clinical characteristics, potential prognostic factors and next strategy.

Jiebai Zhou, Xinyuan Lu, Haixing Zhu, Ning Ding, Yong Zhang, Xiaobo Xu, Lei Gao, Jian Zhou, Yuanlin Song, Jie Hu

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Jiebai ZhouDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Xinyuan LuKey Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Haixing ZhuDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Ning DingDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yong ZhangDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Xiaobo XuDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Lei GaoDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Jian ZhouDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yuanlin SongDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Jie HuDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Zhongshan Hospital · CNFudan University · CNRuijin Hospital · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown unprecedented clinical benefit in cancer immunotherapy and are rapidly transforming the practice of advanced lung cancer. However, resistance routinely develops in patients treated with ICIs. We conducted this retrospective study to provide an overview on clinical characteristics of ICI resistance, optimal treatment beyond disease progression after prior exposure to immunotherapy, as well as potential prognostic factors of such resistance. Methods: 190 patients diagnosed with unresectable lung cancer who received at least one administration of an anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1) at any treatment line at Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University between Sep 2017 and December 2019 were enrolled in our study. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. Levels of plasma cytokines were evaluated for the prognostic value of ICI resistance. Results: We found that EGFR/ALK/ROS1 mutation and receiving ICI treatment as second-line therapy were risk factors associated with ICI resistance. Patients with bone metastasis at baseline had a significantly shorter PFS1 time when receiving initial ICI treatment. Whether or not patients with oligo-progression received local treatment seemed to have no significant effect on PFS2 time. Systemic therapies including chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy rather than continued immunotherapy beyond ICI resistance had significant effect on PFS2 time. TNF, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly elevated when ICI resistance. Lower plasma TNF level and higher plasma IL-8 level seemed to be significantly associated with ICI resistance. A nomogram was established to prognosis the clinical outcome of patients treated with ICIs. Conclusion: Patients with EGFR/ALK/ROS1 mutation, or those receiving ICI treatment as second-line therapy had higher risk of ICI resistance. Patients with bone metastasis had poor prognosis during immunotherapy. For those patients with oligo-progression after ICI resistance, combination with local treatment did not lead to a significantly longer PFS2 time. Chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy rather than continued immunotherapy beyond ICI resistance had significant effect on PFS2 time. Levels of plasma cytokines including TNF, IL-6 and IL-8 were associated with ICI resistance.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungLung NeoplasmsErbB ReceptorsHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsInterleukin-6Interleukin-8PrognosisProtein-Tyrosine KinasesProto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesRetrospective StudiesAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalErbB ReceptorsImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsInterleukin-6Interleukin-8Protein-Tyrosine KinasesProto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinasesadvanced lung cancerimmune checkpoint inhibitorplasma cytokinesprognostic factorresistance

Identifiers

PMID36776868
PMCPMC9910216
OpenAlexW4318197064

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.