ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2023
The genetic correlation and causal association between key factors that influence vascular calcification and cardiovascular disease incidence.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Serum calcium levels are independently associated with severe coronary artery stenosis combined with severe cerebral artery stenosis.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Vitamin K Properties in Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease: A Janus Bifrons in Protection and Prevention.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Physiological Functions and Therapeutic Potential of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Vascular Calcification.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Continuing benefits of the Montreal Protocol and protection of the stratospheric ozone layer for human health and the environment.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Serum calcium (Ca), vitamin D (VD), and vitamin K (VK) levels are key determinants of vascular calcification, which itself impacts cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The specific relationships between the levels of these different compounds and particular forms of CVD, however, remain to be fully defined. Objective: This study was designed to explore the associations between these serum levels and CVDs with the goal of identifying natural interventions capable of controlling vascular calcification and thereby protecting against CVD pathogenesis, extending the healthy lifespan of at-risk individuals. Methods: Linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression and a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework were leveraged to systematically examine the causal interplay between these serum levels and nine forms of CVD, as well as longevity through the use of large publically accessible Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) datasets. The optimal concentrations of serum Ca and VD to lower CVD risk were examined through a restrictive cubic spline (RCS) approach. Results: After Bonferroni correction, the positive genetic correlations were observed between serum Ca levels and myocardial infarction (MI) ( Conclusion: Our findings support a genetic correlation between serum Ca and VD and CVD risk, and a causal relationship between VK1 levels and CVD risk. The optimal serum Ca (2.376 mmol/L) and VD levels (46.8 nmol/L) can reduce cardiovascular risk.
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