ArticleThe Journal of reproduction and development2023
Sperm induce proinflammatory responses in the uterus and peripheral blood immune cells of artificially inseminated cows.
Article in The Journal of reproduction and development, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does the Use of a Sanitary Sheath During Artificial Insemination Improve Pregnancy Outcomes in Cattle? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene · 2026Pooled it
- The maternal immune response to semen: implications for reproductive success in livestock.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Review
- Seminal fluid effects on female reproductive function in laboratory, livestock, and domestic species.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Sperm dynamics in the female reproductive tract and their role in regulating fertility.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Innate immune system for a crosstalk of sperm-egg-uterine epithelium towards fertility: Toll-like receptor 2 as a physiological sensor.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Let the female tract choose: finding the sperm to enhanceAnimal reproduction · 2026Article
- TLR2 and TLR4 bridge physiological and pathological inflammation in the reproductive system.Communications biology · 2025Review
- Semen extender triggers a mild physiological inflammatory response in the uterus without disrupting sperm-uterine immune crosstalk in vitro in cattle.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2025Article
- The immunomodulatory role of seminal plasma in endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation.American journal of clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Review
- Peptidoglycan derived fromFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Interaction of semen with female reproductive tract tissues: what we know, what we guess and what we need to do.Animal reproduction · 2024Article
- Sperm hyperactivation in the uterus and oviduct: a double-edged sword for sperm and maternal innate immunity toward fertility.Animal reproduction · 2024Review
- Paternal effects on fetal programming.Animal reproduction · 2023Review
- Activation of sperm Toll-like receptor 2 induces hyperactivation to enhance the penetration to mucus and uterine glands: a trigger for the uterine inflammatory cascade in cattle.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This in vivo study aimed to investigate local and systemic immune responses induced by sperm in cows after artificial insemination (AI). Initially, 12 multiparous Japanese Black cows were subjected to intrauterine AI (AI group, n = 6) or saline infusion (control group, n = 6). The uterine body and horn ipsilateral to the ovulatory follicle were mini-flushed with 2 ml of RPMI-1640 medium at different time points (0, 1, 6, 10, 24, 48 h, and 7 days after AI), centrifuged, and the sediments were examined under a light microscope. Vaginal smears were prepared at 0, 1, 6, and 10 h after AI to investigate the sperm backflow. Subsequently, another experiment was conducted by assigning cows to three groups: intrauterine AI (AI group, n = 5), heat-inactivated AI (Heat-AI group, n = 5), or saline infusion (control group, n = 5). Blood samples were collected, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated and analyzed for gene expression using real-time PCR. The results showed that most sperm were rapidly transported either forward into the uterine horn or backward into the vagina within 1 h after AI. The PMNs migrated into the uterine lumen 6 hours after AI. Only active sperm-induced proinflammatory responses in PMNs and PBMCs via upregulation of TNFa, IL8, IL1B, and PGES and downregulation of IL10 at 6 h after AI. These data provide evidence that sperm generate transient proinflammatory responses locally in the uterus and systemically in the peripheral immune cells, which may be prerequisites for uterine clearance, embryo receptivity, and implantation in cows.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.