ArticleJournal of neuroimmunology2023
Assessment of cognitive status in pediatric anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis during inpatient rehabilitation: A retrospective cohort.
Article in Journal of neuroimmunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research progress on the association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and autoimmune encephalitis: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Rate of Autoimmune Encephalitis in Children With First-Episode Psychosis.Pediatric neurology · 2024Article
- Isolated Psychiatric Symptoms in Children With Anti-N-Methyl-d Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis.Pediatric neurology · 2024Article
- Aetiology and Prognosis of Encephalitis in Korean Children: A Retrospective Single-Centre Study, 2005-2020.Yonsei medical journal · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesAnti-NMDA receptor autoimmune encephalitis (NMDARE) is a common pediatric encephalitis, resulting in neuropsychiatric symptoms. Predicting severity and course is challenging, with objective cognitive assessments lacking in NMDARE, especially in children. The CASE (Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis) measures severity in autoimmune encephalitis. The CALS (Cognitive and Linguistic Scale) assesses cognitive-linguistic recovery in children with acquired brain injury. This study examines severity and cognitive status in pediatric NMDARE by comparing objectives measures: modified Rankin score (mRS), CASE, and CALS.
methodsTwenty-one patients were identified via retrospective chart review with a confirmed NMDARE diagnosis (ages of 3-18 years) who required inpatient rehabilitation. The mRS, CASE, and CALS were assessed at admission and discharge.
resultsScores demonstrated improvement from admission to discharge, with variability in individual recovery trajectories. CALS identified three clusters of patients with differential rates of early recovery. CALS <30 was associated with minimal improvement and poor outcomes. CALS ≥30 had a likelihood ratio score of 12.0 to predict improvement. CASE and CALS were moderately correlated, but neither correlated with mRS. DISCUSSION: CALS and CASE appear to be complementary measures for assessing severity and cognitive status in pediatric NMDARE, including those with low responsiveness, with implications for treatment and outcomes.
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Registered trials
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