Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36774475›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2023

Exploring the influence of food labels and advertisements on eating habits of children: a cross-sectional study from Punjab, India.

Madhur Verma, Ramnika Aggarwal, Bhola Nath, Rakesh Kakkar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Novel Clinical and Pre-clinical Obesity Estimates in Older Indian Adults: Insights from a Nationally Representative Dataset.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Comprehending the Epidemiology and Aetiology of Childhood Obesity: Integrating Life Course Approaches for Prevention and Intervention.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
    Review
  5. Urban-Rural Differences in the Prevalence of Diabetes Among Adults in Haryana, India: The ICMR-INDIAB Study (ICMR-INDIAB-18).Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024
    Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Madhur VermaDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India.
Ramnika AggarwalDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India. drramnika@yahoo.co.in.
Bhola NathDepartmentof Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebarely, Uttar Pradesh, 229405, India.
Rakesh KakkarDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMaintaining healthy eating habits among children is challenging due to industrial tactics. There is little research on the effect of nutritional labels and tv ads on the eating habits of children. So the primary aim of the study was to explore the noticeability of the food packaging labels by the children, the information retrieved from the food nutrition labels, and their role in increased frequency of eating out in addition to the perceptions of their parents about the television ads.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at schools in Punjab, India. Using multi-stage stratified random sampling, we included 722 school-going children aged 14-18 and their parents. A structured predefined questionnaire collected data using a four-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to draw our inferences.

resultsAbout 46% of children were eating out > 3 times a week. Nearly 49% said they never looked at the expiry dates on the food packet, and 40% have yet to notice the quality certification. Nearly half do not understand the components of the food label, and 59% said they never changed their buying behavior because of the label. Only 37% of parents expressed their concerns about the timing of the ads when children watch television, while only 25.5% were concerned about the accuracy of the information. Concerns of the parents regarding the timing of the ads, and celebrity endorsements, were potential predictors for the increased frequency of eating out by the children.

conclusionsLow awareness regarding the utility of nutrition labels and minimal concerns of the parents increase the frequency of eating out. Unification of our existing policies regarding food labels and tv advertisements to develop family-centric interventions will bring us one step closer to improving the enabling environment to curb the growing menace of childhood obesity.

Indexed as

Pediatric ObesityAdvertisingChildCross-Sectional StudiesFeeding BehaviorHumansParentsTelevisionChildhood obesityFront-of-pack labelingHealthy eatingObesogenic environment

Identifiers

PMID36774475
PMCPMC9919747

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.