ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2022
Trends and Inequities in Food, Energy, Protein, Fat, and Carbohydrate Intakes in Rural Bangladesh.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Harnessing of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Pomace Powder on Growth Response and Haematological Indices of Sonali Chickens.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Nutritional Changes and Contributing Factors in Iran: A Comprehensive Study From PERSIAN Cohort Study (2015-2017 and 2021-2023).Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Factors Associated With Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Functional Foods Among the Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Bangladesh.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Food consumption patterns and nutrient adequacy across lifecycle stages in Bangladesh.PloS one · 2026Article
- Gender differences in type 2 diabetes treatment and management: a qualitative study in an urban slum population from Dhaka, Bangladesh.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Article
- Flavor and Well-Being: A Comprehensive Review of Food Choices, Nutrition, and Health Interactions.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Trends and associated factors of animal source foods consumption among children aged 6-23 months in Bangladesh: evidence from four consecutive national surveys.Journal of nutritional science · 2025Article
- Designing Front-of-Package Labels to Inform Consumers and Encourage Healthier Food Choices in Bangladesh: A Qualitative Study.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Inequality in iron and folic acid consumption and dietary diversity in pregnant women following exposure to maternal nutrition interventions in three low- and middle-income countries.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Increasing Production Diversity and Diet Quality: Evidence from Bangladesh.American journal of agricultural economics · 2024Article
- A review of the dietary diversity and micronutrient adequacy among the women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries.Food science & nutrition · 2024Review
- Impact of COVID-19 on Micronutrient Adequacy and Dietary Diversity among Women of Reproductive Age from Selected Households in Bangladesh.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Diets of Men and Women in Rural Bangladesh Are Equitable but Suboptimal.Current developments in nutrition · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTracking dietary changes can inform strategies to improve nutrition, yet there is limited evidence on food consumption patterns and how disparities in food and nutrient intakes have changed in Bangladesh.
objectivesWe assessed trends and adequacies in energy and macronutrient intakes and evaluated changes in inequities by age group, sex, and expenditure quintile.
methodsWe used panel data from the 2011 and 2018 Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (n = 20,339 and 19,818 household members aged ≥2 y, respectively). Dietary intakes were collected using 24-h recall and food-weighing methods. Changes in energy and macronutrient intakes were assessed using generalized linear models and adjusted Wald tests. Inequities in outcomes were examined by age group, sex, and expenditure quintile using the Slope Index of Inequality and Concentration Index.
resultsBetween 2011 and 2018, dietary diversity improved across sex and age groups (30-46% in children, 60-65% in adolescents, 37-87% in adults), but diets remain imbalanced with ∼70% of energy coming from carbohydrates. There were declines in intakes of energy (3-8%), protein (3-9%), and carbohydrate (9-16%) for all age groups (except children aged 2-5 y), but an increase in fat intake (57-68% in children and 22-40% in adults). Insufficient intake remained high for protein (>50% among adults) and fat (>80%), whereas excessive carbohydrate intake was >70%. Insufficient energy, protein, and fat intakes, and excessive carbohydrate intakes, were more prevalent among poor households across survey years. Inequity gaps decreased for insufficient energy intake in most age groups, remained stable for insufficient protein intake, and increased for insufficient fat and excessive carbohydrate intakes.
conclusionsDespite improvements in dietary diversity, diets remain imbalanced and inequities in insufficient energy, protein, and fat intakes persist. Our findings call for coherent sets of policies and investments toward a well-functioning food system and social protection to promote healthier, more equitable diets in rural Bangladesh.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.