Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36772574›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2023

A New COVID-19 Detection Method Based on CSK/QAM Visible Light Communication and Machine Learning.

Ismael Soto, Raul Zamorano-Illanes, Raimundo Becerra, Pablo Palacios Játiva, Cesar A Azurdia-Meza, Wilson Alavia, Verónica García, Muhammad Ijaz, David Zabala-Blanco

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ismael SotoCIMTT, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile.ORCID 0000-0002-5501-5651
Raul Zamorano-IllanesCIMTT, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile.ORCID 0000-0002-3995-697X
Raimundo BecerraDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370451, Chile.ORCID 0000-0003-1590-9877
Pablo Palacios JátivaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370451, Chile.ORCID 0000-0002-3958-503X
Cesar A Azurdia-MezaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370451, Chile.ORCID 0000-0003-3461-4484
Wilson AlaviaCIMTT, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile.ORCID 0000-0001-5674-8489
Verónica GarcíaDepartamento en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, de la Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile.ORCID 0000-0002-5312-925X
Muhammad IjazManchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0050-9435
David Zabala-BlancoDepartment of Computer Science and Industry, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480112, Chile.ORCID 0000-0002-5692-5673

Funding

FONDEF Nr. ID21I10191
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This article proposes a novel method for detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in an underground channel using visible light communication (VLC) and machine learning (ML). We present mathematical models of COVID-19 Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) gene transfer in regular square constellations using a CSK/QAM-based VLC system. ML algorithms are used to classify the bands present in each electrophoresis sample according to whether the band corresponds to a positive, negative, or ladder sample during the search for the optimal model. Complexity studies reveal that the square constellation N=22i×22i,(i=3) yields a greater profit. Performance studies indicate that, for BER = 10-3, there are gains of -10 [dB], -3 [dB], 3 [dB], and 5 [dB] for N=22i×22i,(i=0,1,2,3), respectively. Based on a total of 630 COVID-19 samples, the best model is shown to be XGBoots, which demonstrated an accuracy of 96.03%, greater than that of the other models, and a recall of 99% for positive values.

Indexed as

COVID-19AlgorithmsCommunicationHumansLightMachine LearningBERCOVID-19CSKQAMVLC

Identifiers

PMID36772574
PMCPMC10288941

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.