Shadow Filters Using Multiple-Input Differential Difference Transconductance Amplifiers.

Montree Kumngern, Fabian Khateb, Tomasz Kulej

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

A 0.5-V MI-OTA-based shadow universal filter with integrated passband gain compensation and low-pass control for low-frequency applications.Scientific reports · 2025
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Montree KumngernDepartment of Telecommunications Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-1960-9081

Fabian KhatebDepartment of Microelectronics, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, 601 90 Brno, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-9864-9830

Tomasz KulejDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6315-9292

Funding

University of Defence VAROPS.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper presents new voltage-mode shadow filters employing a low-power multiple-input differential difference transconductance amplifier (MI-DDTA). This device provides multiple-input voltage-mode arithmetic operation capability, electronic tuning ability, high-input and low-output impedances. Therefore, the proposed shadow filters offer circuit simplicity, minimum number of active and passive elements, electronic control of the natural frequency and the quality factor, and high-input and low-output impedances. The proposed MI-DDTA can work with supply voltage of ±0.5 V and consumes 9.94 μW of power. The MI-DDTA and shadow filters have been designed and simulated with the SPICE program using 0.18 μm CMOS process parameters to validate the functionality and workability of the new circuits.

Indexed as

analog filterdifferential difference transconductance amplifiermultiple-input MOS techniqueshadow filter

Identifiers

PMID36772571

DOI10.3390/s23031526

PMCPMC9919991

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.