ArticleNutrients2023
Development of a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Estimate Macronutrient Intake among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Malaysia.
Article in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nutrient Intake Adequacy among Adults in Indonesia and Malaysia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Review
- Development of a Semi-Quantitative Food-Frequency Questionnaire for Korean Adults with Obesity.Nutrients · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is one of the most frequently used instruments in epidemiological studies for evaluating dietary intake. Because of the variety of dietary habits within different populations, an FFQ must be tailored to the specific group. To date, no specific FFQ has been developed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Malaysia. In this study, we developed a semi-quantitative FFQ to estimate macronutrient intake among T2DM patients. The development of the FFQ was based on the data acquired from 150 respondents with T2DM from the southern part of Peninsular Malaysia who completed the three-day 24-h dietary recalls. The respondents were selected by convenience sampling. The mean intake from each food item and the proportions of macronutrients were calculated. The approach from a previous study was used to compile a list of foods items with a cumulative 90% macronutrient contribution that is significant for the nutrient of interest. In conclusion, we have successfully developed a new semi-quantitative FFQ with a total of 79 food items and nine food groups. The frequencies of the FFQ were divided into nine categories and this FFQ represents the usual food intake of T2DM patients in Malaysia. However, this tool has yet to be validated in patients with T2DM in Malaysia.
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