ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Cyclic Glycine-Proline (cGP) Normalises Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Function: Clinical Significance in the Ageing Brain and in Age-Related Neurological Conditions.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Role of insulin-like growth factor-1/2 and related signaling in parkinson's disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Could serum IGF-1 and IGF-2 serve as potential biomarkers in idiopathic Parkinson's disease? A correlation with disease stages.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Article
- Quantitative Monitoring of Cyclic Glycine-Proline in Marine Mangrove-Derived Fungal Metabolites.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 Drives Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease: Insights From In Vivo and In Vitro Studies.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Metabolic Crosstalk between Liver and Brain: From Diseases to Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Exploring Sources, Biological Functions, and Potential Applications of the Ubiquitous Marine Cyclic Dipeptide: A Concise Review of Cyclic Glycine-Proline.Marine drugs · 2024Review
- Role of the Insulin-like Growth Factor System in Neurodegenerative Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) function declines with age and is associated with brain ageing and the progression of age-related neurological conditions. The reversible binding of IGF-1 to IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 regulates the amount of bioavailable, functional IGF-1 in circulation. Cyclic glycine-proline (cGP), a metabolite from the binding site of IGF-1, retains its affinity for IGFBP-3 and competes against IGF-1 for IGFBP-3 binding. Thus, cGP and IGFBP-3 collectively regulate the bioavailability of IGF-1. The molar ratio of cGP/IGF-1 represents the amount of bioavailable and functional IGF-1 in circulation. The cGP/IGF-1 molar ratio is low in patients with age-related conditions, including hypertension, stroke, and neurological disorders with cognitive impairment. Stroke patients with a higher cGP/IGF-1 molar ratio have more favourable clinical outcomes. The elderly with more cGP have better memory retention. An increase in the cGP/IGF-1 molar ratio with age is associated with normal cognition, whereas a decrease in this ratio with age is associated with dementia in Parkinson disease. In addition, cGP administration reduces systolic blood pressure, improves memory, and aids in stroke recovery. These clinical and experimental observations demonstrate the role of cGP in regulating IGF-1 function and its potential clinical applications in age-related brain diseases as a plasma biomarker for-and an intervention to improve-IGF-1 function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.