Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36770197›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2023

Oxidation Kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys by Conventional and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing.

Francisco Estupinán-López, Carlos Orquiz-Muela, Citlalli Gaona-Tiburcio, Jose Cabral-Miramontes, Raul German Bautista-Margulis, Demetrio Nieves-Mendoza, Erick Maldonado-Bandala, Facundo Almeraya-Calderón, Amit Joe Lopes

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Francisco Estupinán-LópezCentro de Investigación e Innovación en Ingeniería Aeronáutica (CIIIA), FIME, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico.
Carlos Orquiz-MuelaW. M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
Citlalli Gaona-TiburcioCentro de Investigación e Innovación en Ingeniería Aeronáutica (CIIIA), FIME, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-9072-3090
Jose Cabral-MiramontesW. M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1483-3081
Raul German Bautista-MargulisDivisión Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86040, Mexico.
Demetrio Nieves-MendozaFacultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, Mexico.
Erick Maldonado-BandalaFacultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, Mexico.
Facundo Almeraya-CalderónCentro de Investigación e Innovación en Ingeniería Aeronáutica (CIIIA), FIME, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-3014-2814
Amit Joe LopesW. M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

New manufacturing processes for metal parts such as additive manufacturing (AM) provide a technological development for the aeronautical and aerospace industries, since these AM processes are a means to reduce the weight of the parts, which generate cost savings. AM techniques such as Laser Powder Bed Fusions (LPBF) and Electron Beam Fusion (EBM), provided an improvement in mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability at temperatures below 400 °C, in comparison to conventional methods. This research aimed to study the oxidation kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V alloys by conventional and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing. The thermogravimetric analysis was performed at temperatures of 600 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C, having a heating rate of 25 °C/min and oxidation time of 24 h. The microstructural analysis was carried out by thermogravimetric analysis. Thickness and morphology of oxide layers were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope, phase identification (before and after the oxidation process) was realized by X-ray diffraction at room temperature and hardness measurements were made in cross section. Results indicated that the oxidation kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V alloys fabricated by EBM was similar to conventional processing and obeyed a parabolic or quasi-parabolic kinetics. The samples oxidized at 600 °C for 24 h presented the lowest hardness values (from 350 to 470 HV). At oxidation temperatures of 800 and 900 °C, however, highest hardness values (from 870 close to the alpha-case interface up to 300 HV in base metal) were found on the surface and gradually decreased towards the center of the base alloy. This may be explained by different microstructures presented in the manufacturing processes.

Indexed as

additive manufacturingelectron beam fusionoxidation kineticstitanium

Identifiers

PMID36770197
PMCPMC9920580

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.