ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Dual Role of B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Elusive B Cell Antigen in Multiple Sclerosis: Time to Rethink CNS B Cell Functions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Neurodegenerative diseases and immune system: From pathogenic mechanism to therapy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Bioactive Phytochemicals in Experimental Models of Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Translational Potential.Nutrients · 2026Review
- T Helper Cells and Cytokine Networks in the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Imbalance of Circulating B-Cell Subsets Was Associated With Higher Risk of Relapses in RRMS Patients.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Impact of kynurenine metabolites on B and T cells in multiple sclerosis and allergies.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- Interferon-β treatment reverses the detrimental effect of B-cell depletion therapy on respiratory virus infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Integrated transcriptomics of multiple sclerosis peripheral blood mononuclear cells explored potential biomarkers for the disease.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Long-Term Evaluation of Effectiveness and Immunological Implications of Ocrelizumab in a Real-World Cohort.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2025Article
- Brain-immune interactions: implication for cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease and autoimmune disorders.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2024Review
- Current status of BAFF targeting immunotherapy in B-cell neoplasm.International journal of clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Review
- A Disintegrin and metalloproteinase carves T cell abnormalities and pathogenesis in systemic lupus erythematosus.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2024Review
- Elevated serum B-cell activator factor levels predict rapid progressive interstitial lung disease in anti-melanoma differentiation associated protein 5 antibody positive dermatomyositis.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2024Article
- 100% oxygen mobilizes stem cells and up-regulates MIF and APRIL in humans: a new point on the hormetic dose curve.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Review
- Smouldering Lesion in MS: Microglia, Lymphocytes and Pathobiochemical Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
B cells have emerged as an important immune cell type that can be targeted for therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS). Depleting B cells with anti-CD20 antibodies is effective in treating MS. Yet, atacicept treatment, which blocks B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF) and A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL), two cytokines important for B cell development and function, paradoxically increases disease activity in MS patients. The reason behind the failure of atacicept is not well understood. The stark differences in clinical outcomes with these therapies demonstrate that B cells have both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions in MS. In this review, we summarize the importance of B cells in MS and discuss the different B cell subsets that perform inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions and how therapies modulate B cell functions in MS patients. Additionally, we discuss the potential anti-inflammatory functions of BAFF and APRIL on MS disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.