ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023
Effects of Ambient Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Precipitation on Diarrhea Incidence in Surabaya.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Climate Variability on Foodborne Diarrheal Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Public health reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Unraveling complex interactions of meteorological factors and sulfur dioxide on other infectious diarrhea: evidence from a subtropical city.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The association between total precipitation and diarrhea morbidity: A multicountry study across diverse climate zones.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Temporal variations and spatial clusters of diarrheal diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jakarta province, Indonesia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Environmental risk factors associated with community diarrheal disease in Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The impact of climate change on child nutrition in Indonesia: a conceptual framework and scoping review of the available evidence.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Unveiling the future: Wavelet- ARIMAX analysis of climate and diarrhea dynamics in Bangladesh's Urban centers.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of norovirus infections among patients with diarrhea in the Amhara national regional state, Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Associations between meteorological variation and hospitalisations for rotavirus infections in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Exploring the Association between Ambient Temperature and Daily Hospital Admissions for Diarrhea in Mopani District, Limpopo Province, South Africa.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Heterogeneous Learning of Functional Clustering Regression and Application to Chinese Air Pollution Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Assessing the effect of climatic factors on the childhood diarrhea burden in four districts of Nepal.The journal of climate change and healthArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiarrhea remains a common infectious disease caused by various risk factors in developing countries. This study investigated the incidence rate and temporal associations between diarrhea and meteorological determinants in five regions of Surabaya, Indonesia.
methodMonthly diarrhea records from local governmental health facilities in Surabaya and monthly means of weather variables, including average temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity from Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency were collected from January 2018 to September 2020. The generalized additive model was employed to quantify the time lag association between diarrhea risk and extremely low (5th percentile) and high (95th percentile) monthly weather variations in the north, central, west, south, and east regions of Surabaya (lag of 0-2 months).
resultThe average incidence rate for diarrhea was 11.4 per 100,000 during the study period, with a higher incidence during rainy season (November to March) and in East Surabaya. This study showed that the weather condition with the lowest diarrhea risks varied with the region. The diarrhea risks were associated with extremely low and high temperatures, with the highest RR of 5.39 (95% CI 4.61, 6.17) in the east region, with 1 month of lag time following the extreme temperatures. Extremely low relative humidity increased the diarrhea risks in some regions of Surabaya, with the highest risk in the west region at lag 0 (RR = 2.13 (95% CI 1.79, 2.47)). Extremely high precipitation significantly affects the risk of diarrhea in the central region, at 0 months of lag time, with an RR of 3.05 (95% CI 2.09, 4.01).
conclusionThis study identified a high incidence of diarrhea in the rainy season and in the deficient developed regions of Surabaya, providing evidence that weather magnifies the adverse effects of inadequate environmental sanitation. This study suggests the local environmental and health sectors codevelop a weather-based early warning system and improve local sanitation practices as prevention measures in response to increasing risks of infectious diseases.
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