Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36767588›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023

Immigration Status, Educational Level, and Perceived Discrimination in Europe.

Hafifa Siddiq, Najmeh Maharlouei, Babak Najand, Arash Rahmani, Hossein Zare

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Hafifa SiddiqSchool of Nursing, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7864-3186
Najmeh MaharloueiMarginalization-Related Diminished Returns, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
Babak NajandMarginalization-Related Diminished Returns, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
Arash RahmaniMarginalization-Related Diminished Returns, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
Hossein ZareDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5832-0854
Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science · USJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

UCLA Clinical Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001881 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARLEEN F. BROWN, ARASH NAEIM · 2016 to 2026
$118.1M
Sustaining Faculty Development & Community EngagementS21MD000103 · NIMHD · CHARLES R. DREW UNIVERSITY OF MED &SCI · PI CARLISLE, DAVID M · 2001 to 2015
$73.9M
The Center for Health Improvement of Minority ElderlyP30AG021684 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Homero Erwin del Pino · 2002 to 2026
$19.7M
The CDU-Clinical Research Education and Career Development ProgramR25MD007610 · NIMHD · CHARLES R. DREW UNIVERSITY OF MED & SCI · PI Roberto Balbino Vargas · 2012 to 2026
$7.8M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001881NIA NIH HHS P30 AG021684NIMHD NIH HHS R25 MD007610NIMHD NIH HHS S21 MD000103
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMultiple studies have been conducted to test the moderating effect of immigration on the positive health results yielded through educational attainment. However, no study has been conducted to examine the role of immigration as a moderator in the association between educational level and perceived discrimination in Europe.

aimWe aimed to study whether an inverse association exists between educational level and perceived discrimination in European countries and whether immigration status moderates the association between educational level and perceived discrimination.

methodsData from the 10th round of the cross-sectional European Social Survey (ESS) were used in this cross-sectional study. A total of 17,596 participants between 15-90 years old who lived in European countries were included. The independent variable was educational level, a categorical variable, and the dependent variable was perceived discrimination. Immigration status was the moderator, and age and sex were confounders.

resultsOf 17,596 participants, 16,632 (94.5%) were native-born and 964 were immigrants (5.5%). We found that higher levels of educational level were protective against perceived discrimination, which was also found in immigrant participants; however, the effect was weaker.

conclusionsThis study found that educational level was a protective factor against perceived discrimination. This effect, however, was more robust in the native-born participants than in their immigrant counterparts.

Indexed as

Emigrants and ImmigrantsEmigration and ImmigrationAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCross-Sectional StudiesEducational StatusEuropeHumansMiddle AgedPerceived DiscriminationYoung Adultdiscriminationeducational levelEuropeimmigration

Identifiers

PMID36767588
PMCPMC9915095
OpenAlexW4318200348

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.