ReviewCancers2023
Efficacy and Safety of PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibitors versus Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Combined with Other Therapies for Tumors: A Systematic Review.
Review in Cancers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Chemotherapy backbone and outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations across solid tumors: a pan-tumor network meta-analysis.The oncologist · 2026Pooled it
- Advancing the understanding of the immune escape in lung cancer immunotherapy: Global trends, collaborations, and future directions.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Metabolic enzymes and immune receptors as emerging checkpoints in breast cancer: mechanisms, clinical trials, and therapeutic implications.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Targeting T-Cells for Cancer Treatment: Current Clinical Strategies and Challenges.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- In situ self-assembled cell reservoir hydrogel for maneuvering multistage radioimmunotherapy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- FLASH radiotherapy as an emerging paradigm in radioimmunotherapy: biological rationale, preclinical evidence, and translational roadmap.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapeutic potential of PD-1 blockade in chronic Leishmania mexicana infection through the enhancement of progenitor-like CXCR5Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The bispecific antibody targeting VISTA and PD-L1 shows enhanced tumor inhibitory activity in pancreatic, endometrial and breast cancers compared to mono- and combination immune checkpoint blockade.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Analysis of adverse drug reactions in 507 cases of Tislelizumab: A real-world retrospective study based on data from Guangxi, China.PloS one · 2025Article
- Difference between Keratinized- and Non-Keratinized-Originating Epithelium in the Process of Immune Escape of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Novel SPEA Superantigen Peptide Agonists and Peptide Agonist-TGFαL3 Conjugate. In Vitro Study of Their Growth-Inhibitory Effects for Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIn recent years, the anti-programmed cell death protein-1 and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) or combination therapies have been recommended as an alternative emerging choice of treatment for oncology patients. However, the efficacy and adverse events of different combination strategies for the treatment of tumors remain controversial.
methodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and the European Society of Medicine Oncology (ESMO) were searched from database inception until 16 February 2022. The endpoints of objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events (AEs) were analyzed from different treatment schemes and tumor types. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022328927).
resultsThis meta-analysis included forty-eight eligible studies. Combination therapy has improved ORR (RR = 1.40,
conclusionsTreatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in combination with other antitumor therapies improve patients' ORR, DCR, and PFS compared to anti-PD-1/PD-L1. However, it is regrettable that there is no benefit to OS and an increased risk of AEs in combinatorial therapies.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.