ArticleCancers2023
Changes in Serum Growth Factors during Resistance to Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab Treatment in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Article in Cancers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Circulating proteins as biomarkers of response to cancer immunotherapy (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Acquired Genetic Variants, Not Tumor Mutation Burden, Drive Resistance to Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Liver cancer · 2026Article
- Advancing Systemic Treatment beyond First Line for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Durable Disease Control With Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab but Limited Post-Progression Outcomes: A Multicenter Real-World Study in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Predicting Survival in Bevacizumab-Treated Colorectal Cancer: Personalized Mathematical Models Based on Clinical and Angiogenic Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The use of durvalumab and tremelimumab after atezolizumab and bevacizumab in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: case report and literature review.Immunotherapy · 2025Review
- Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Serum FGF21 as a predictor of response to atezolizumab and bevacizumab in HCC.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Article
- Recent Progress in Systemic Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Advances in hepatocellular carcinoma drug resistance models.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Integrating Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics to Uncover and Elucidate GP73-Mediated Pro-Angiogenic Regulatory Networks in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D (VEGF-D): An Angiogenesis Bypass in Malignant Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Predicting Outcomes of Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab Treatment in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The possible mechanisms of resistance to atezolizumab/bevacizumab for unresectable HCC, and the subsequent response to these therapies, remain underexplored. The sequential changes in serum growth factors, including VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, ANG-2, FGF-19, HGF, and EGF during atezolizumab/bevacizumab for unresectable HCC were evaluated in 46 patients. Patients who experienced PD after CR, PR, or SD to atezolizumab/bevacizumab were evaluated. A total of 4, 9, 19, and 14 patients showed CR, PR, SD, and PD, respectively. Of 32 patients with disease control, 28 experienced PD after CR, PR, or SD with atezolizumab/bevacizumab. Baseline growth factor levels were similar between patients with or without disease control and those with or without an objective response. Growth factor changes between the baseline and the best overall response points (BOR) for patients with disease control showed that FGF-19 significantly increased and ANG2 significantly decreased at the BOR. Growth factor changes between the BOR and the PD point in 28 patients who experienced PD after disease control showed that VEGF-D and ANG2 significantly increased at the PD point compared with that at the BOR. Summarily, increased serum VEGF-D and ANG-2 levels might contribute to developing resistance to atezolizumab/bevacizumab for unresectable HCC and might be target molecules in subsequent salvage therapies.
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Registered trials
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