ArticleBMC cancer2023
Identification on surrogating overall survival with progression-free survival of first-line immunochemotherapy in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-an exploration of surrogate endpoint.
Article in BMC cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanistic Learning for Predicting Survival Outcomes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Comparison of Hepatic Function and Chemotherapy-Induced Side Effects Between Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (PLD), Topotecan (TOPO), and Gemcitabine in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer (PROC).Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Recurrence-free survival as a surrogate endpoint for overall survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.The British journal of surgery · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOverall survival (OS) is the gold standard to assess novel therapeutics to treat cancer. However, to identify early efficacy and speed up drug approval, trials have used progression-free survival (PFS) as a surrogate endpoint (SE). Herein, we aimed to examine if PFS could function as an OS surrogate in advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) treated with first-line immunochemotherapy.
methodsTwo hundred ninety-two advanced ESCC patients treated using inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 + chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone were collected. In addition, six phase III randomized clinical trials were eligible for inclusion. Bayesian normal-induced-copula-estimation model in retrospective patient data and regression analysis in the published trial data were used to determine the PFS-OS correlation.
resultsPFS correlated moderately with OS in the retrospective cohort (Kendall's Tau = 0.684, τ = 0.436). In trial-level, treatments effects for PFS correlated weakly with those for OS in intention-to-treat population (R
conclusionIn trials of anti-PD-1 agents to treat advanced ESCC, the current results provide only weak support for PFS as an OS surrogate; OS cannot be substituted completely by PFS in these cases. The results also suggest that qualified patients with advanced ESCC might benefit from continuous immunotherapy beyond progression to achieve a decreased risk of death.
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