ArticleCognition2023
Age-related decreases in global metacognition are independent of local metacognition and task performance.
Article in Cognition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Episodic and semantic feeling-of-knowing in aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Towards an integrative neuroscience of metacognition.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Metacognition and metacognitive monitoring in aging.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Review
- Domain generality is an emergent, not inherent, property of metacognition.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Sociolinguistic Context Constrains Bilingual Advantages in Metacognition.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Article
- Deciding for others alters metacognition leading to responsibility aversion.Science advances · 2026Article
- Building worlds of your own: the functional role of metacognitive bias in metacognition.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Article
- Development of the Clinical Insight Questionnaire: A Novel Clinical Tool for the Assessment of Insight Into Cognitive Symptoms and Everyday Functioning in People With Neurodegeneration.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2025Article
- Neural oscillations of metacognition: evidence for domain-specificity and age-related compensation.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Perceptual metacognition and self-esteem: the role of feedback valence in local and global monitoring bias.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Early Emergence of Metacognition in Rhesus Monkeys.Developmental science · 2025Article
- Tip-of-the-Tongue and Feeling-of-Knowing Experiences Enhance Metacognitive Sensitivity of Confidence Evaluation of Semantic Memory.Journal of cognition · 2025Article
- On the complexity of metacognitive judgments of memory: evidence from retrospective confidence, feeling of knowing, and older adults.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025Article
- Metacognitive biases in anxiety-depression and compulsivity extend across perception and memory.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Confidence control for efficient behaviour in dynamic environments.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Flexible information-seeking in chimpanzees.Cognition · 2024Article
- Information search under uncertainty across transdiagnostic psychopathology and healthy ageing.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Intention offloading: Domain-general versus task-specific confidence signals.Memory & cognition · 2024Article
- Reliable, rapid, and remote measurement of metacognitive bias.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Metacognition refers to a capacity to reflect on and control other cognitive processes, commonly quantified as the extent to which confidence tracks objective performance. There is conflicting evidence about how "local" metacognition (monitoring of individual judgments) and "global" metacognition (estimates of self-performance) change across the lifespan. Additionally, the degree to which metacognition generalises across cognitive domains may itself change with age due to increased experience with one's own abilities. Using a gamified suite of performance-controlled memory and visual perception tasks, we measured local and global metacognition in an age-stratified sample of 304 healthy volunteers (18-83 years; N = 50 in each of 6 age groups). We calculated both local and global metrics of metacognition and quantified how and whether domain-generality changes with age. First-order task performance was stable across the age range. People's global self-performance estimates and local metacognitive bias decreased with age, indicating overall lower confidence in performance. In contrast, local metacognitive efficiency was spared in older age and remained correlated across the two cognitive domains. A stability of local metacognition indicates distinct mechanisms contributing to local and global metacognition. Our study reveals how local and global metacognition change across the lifespan and provide a benchmark against which disease-related changes in metacognition can be compared.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.