Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36763331›Full record

ArticleCanadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique2023

Factors associated with bicycle helmet use and proper fit: a cross-sectional survey of Montreal cyclists during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Nardin Farag, Alexandra Germain, Natasha G Caminsky, Andrée-Anne Busque, Tara Grenier, David Bracco, Jeremy Grushka, Tarek Razek, Dan Deckelbaum, Paola Fata and 4 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Measurement and Assessment of Head-to-Helmet Contact Forces.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Nardin FaragFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-9808-3267
Alexandra GermainFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Natasha G CaminskyDivision of General and Trauma Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue L9-120, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-5304-5622
Andrée-Anne BusqueFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Tara GrenierDivision of General and Trauma Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue L9-120, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.
David BraccoDepartment of Anesthesiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Jeremy GrushkaDivision of General and Trauma Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue L9-120, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-1883-0737
Tarek RazekDivision of General and Trauma Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue L9-120, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-4159-4370
Dan DeckelbaumDivision of General and Trauma Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue L9-120, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.
Paola FataDivision of General and Trauma Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue L9-120, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-5793-3923
Kosar KhwajaDivision of General and Trauma Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue L9-120, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-1660-3565
Katherine McKendyDivision of General and Trauma Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue L9-120, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-9705-3683
Atif JastaniahDivision of General and Trauma Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue L9-120, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-4040-5777
Evan G WongDivision of General and Trauma Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue L9-120, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada. evan.wong@mcgill.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-9699-6070
Montreal General Hospital · CAMcGill University Health Centre · CAMcGill University · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWith increased bicycle use during the COVID-19 pandemic and growing availability of bicycle-sharing programs in Montreal, we hypothesize helmet use has decreased. The aim of this study was to evaluate helmet use and proper fit among Montreal cyclists during the pandemic relative to historical data.

methodsNine observers collected data on bike type, gender, helmet use, and ethnicity using the iHelmet© app at 18 locations across the island of Montreal from June to September 2021. Proper helmet wear was assessed at one busy location. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with helmet wear and results were compared to a historical study.

resultsOf the 2200 cyclists observed, 1109 (50.4%) wore a helmet. Males (OR = 0.78, 95%CI = 0.65-0.95), young adults (OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.51-0.84), visible minorities (OR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.28-0.53), and bike-share users (OR = 0.21, 95%CI = 0.15-0.28) were less likely to be wearing a helmet, whereas children (OR = 3.92, 95%CI = 2.17-7.08) and cyclists using racing bicycles (OR = 3.84, 95%CI = 2.62-5.62) were more likely to be wearing a helmet. The majority (139/213; 65.3%) of assessed cyclists wore properly fitting helmets. Children had the lowest odds of having a properly fitted helmet (OR = 0.13, 95%CI = 0.04-0.41). Compared to 2011, helmet use during the pandemic increased significantly (1109/2200 (50.4%) vs. 2192/4789 (45.8%); p = 0.032).

conclusionHelmet use among Montreal cyclists was associated with age, gender, ethnicity, and type of bicycle. Children were least likely to have a properly fitted helmet. The recent increase in popularity of cycling and expansion of bicycle-sharing programs reinforce the need for bicycle helmet awareness initiatives, legislation, and funding prioritization.

Indexed as

COVID-19Craniocerebral TraumaBicyclingChildCross-Sectional StudiesHead Protective DevicesHumansMalePandemicsYoung AdultBicycle helmetHead injuriesInjury preventionLegislation

Identifiers

PMID36763331
PMCPMC9913020
OpenAlexW4319827767

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.