Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36763042›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2023

Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Airborne Transmission: Science Rejected, Lives Lost. Can Society Do Better?

Lidia Morawska, William Bahnfleth, Philomena M Bluyssen, Atze Boerstra, Giorgio Buonanno, Stephanie J Dancer, Andres Floto, Francesco Franchimon, Charles Haworth, Jaap Hogeling and 23 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. The next viral pandemic-where do we stand?Folia microbiologica · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors.

Lidia MorawskaInternational Laboratory for Air Quality and Heath, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
William BahnflethDepartment of Architectural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.
Philomena M BluyssenFaculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
Atze BoerstraREHVA (Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations), BBA Binnenmilieu, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Giorgio BuonannoDepartment of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy.
Stephanie J DancerEdinburgh Napier University and NHS Lanarkshire Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Andres FlotoDepartment of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Francesco FranchimonFranchimon ICM Berkel, South Holland, The Netherlands.
Charles HaworthCambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Jaap HogelingInternational Standards at ISSO, ISSO International Project, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands.
Christina IsaxonErgonomics and Aerosol Technology Lund University, Lund, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-9105-4017
Jose L JimenezDepartment of Chemistry, and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Jarek KurnitskiREHVA Technology and Research Committee, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia.
Yuguo LiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong University, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2281-4529
Marcel LoomansDepartment of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Guy MarksCentre for Air Quality Research and Evaluation (CAR), University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia.
Linsey C MarrCivil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
Livio MazzarellaAiCARR, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Arsen Krikor MelikovDTU Sustain, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Shelly MillerMechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Donald K MiltonEnvironmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
William NazaroffDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
Peter V NielsenFaculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
Catherine NoakesSchool of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
Jordan PecciaEnvironmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6482-2084
Xavier QuerolDepartment of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain.
Chandra SekharDepartment of the Built Environment, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Olli SeppänenAalto University, Espoo, Finland.
Shin-Ichi TanabeDepartment of Architecture, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Raymond TellierDepartment of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Tham Kwok WaiDepartment of the Built Environment, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Pawel WargockiDTU Sustain, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Aneta WierzbickaErgonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Funding

NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response: Universal Influenza Vaccine Research Activities75N93021C00014 · NIAID · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI GARCIA-SASTRE, ADOLFO · 2021 to 2025
$62.6M
Evaluating Modes of Influenza Transmission using a Randomized Controlled Trial (EMIT-2-RCT)U19AI162130 · NIAID · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI MILTON, DONALD KIRBY · 2021 to 2025
$15.2M
Research Employing Environmental Systems and Occupational Health Policy Analyses to Interrupt the Impact of Structural Racism on Agricultural Workers and Their Respiratory Health (RESPIRAR)R01ES034303 · NIEHS · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI Devon C Payne-Sturges · 2022 to 2026
$3.4M
Elucidating Airborne SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity at Single Aerosol ResolutionR21AI161501 · NIAID · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI DEVOE, DON L, MILTON, DONALD KIRBY · 2022 to 2022
$414k
NIAID NIH HHS 75N93021C00014NIAID NIH HHS HHSN272201400007CNIAID NIH HHS R21 AI161501NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI162130NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES034303
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This is an account that should be heard of an important struggle: the struggle of a large group of experts who came together at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic to warn the world about the risk of airborne transmission and the consequences of ignoring it. We alerted the World Health Organization about the potential significance of the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the urgent need to control it, but our concerns were dismissed. Here we describe how this happened and the consequences. We hope that by reporting this story we can raise awareness of the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and the need to be open to new evidence, and to prevent it from happening again. Acknowledgement of an issue, and the emergence of new evidence related to it, is the first necessary step towards finding effective mitigation solutions.

Indexed as

COVID-19HumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2SocietiesWorld Health Organizationairborne infection spreadairborne transmissioncoronavirusCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2 virus

Identifiers

PMID36763042
PMCPMC10209435

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.