ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2023
Microglia refine developing retinal astrocytic and vascular networks through the complement C3/C3aR axis.
Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The m 6 A writer VIRMA regulates the developmental elimination of retinal astrocytes and retinal vascular integrity maintenance.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Cellular Prion Protein as a Novel Regulator of Vascular Plexus Stability During Retinal Angiogenesis.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Friend or foe? Glial-vascular interactions in health and neurodegenerative disease.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Capillary-Associated Microglia in Neurovascular Coupling: Localization, Mechanisms, and Disease Implications.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Phosphatidylserine exposure by developing astrocytes initiates microglia-mediated developmental cell death.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Microglia-vascular interactions after spinal cord injury: regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic advances.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Analysis of the Immunoinflammatory Microenvironment Characteristics of Epilepsy Based on Single-Cell Transcriptomics.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of action of retinal microglia in diabetic retinopathy (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Crosstalk Between Neuronal and Glial Cells in Diabetic Retinopathy: Mechanisms and Implications for Neurodegeneration.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Development of Retinal Astroglia.Annual review of vision science · 2025Review
- Microglial depletion decreases Müller cell maturation and inner retinal vascular density.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Complement receptorBrain communications · 2025Article
- Astrocyte-microglia crosstalk in subarachnoid hemorrhage: mechanisms and treatments.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Astrocytes and microglia in the coordination of CNS development and homeostasis.Journal of neurochemistry · 2024Review
- Article
- Temporal-spatial Generation of Astrocytes in the Developing Diencephalon.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Article
- Review
- Regulatable Complement Inhibition of the Alternative Pathway Mitigates Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration Pathology in a Mouse Model.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Article
- Mice deficient in complement C3 are protected against recognition memory deficits and astrogliosis induced by status epilepticus.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Microglia, a resident immune cell of the central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in facilitating neurovascular development through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Previous reports indicate a role for microglia in regulating astrocyte density. This current work resolves the mechanism through which microglia facilitate astrocyte spatial patterning and superficial vascular bed formation in the neuroretina during development. Ablation of microglia increased astrocyte density and altered spatial patterning. Mechanistically, we show that microglia regulate the formation of the spatially organized astrocyte template required for subsequent vascular growth, through the complement C3/C3aR axis during neuroretinal development. Lack of C3 or C3aR hindered the developmental phagocytic removal of astrocyte bodies and resulted in increased astrocyte density. In addition, increased astrocyte density was associated with elevated proangiogenic extracellular matrix gene expression in C3- and C3aR-deficient retinas, resulting in increased vascular density. These data demonstrate that microglia regulate developmental astrocyte and vascular network spatial patterning in the neuroretina via the complement axis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.