Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36760321›Full record

ArticleClinical psychology in Europe2022

Personality Disorder Diagnoses in ICD-11: Transforming Conceptualisations and Practice.

Michaela A Swales

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical psychology in Europe, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. The Factor Structure and Validity of the Psychopathy Checklist-Short Version When Used With Autistic Psychiatric Inpatients.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
    Article
  9. Personality in the spotlight: activities of the WPA Section on Personality Disorders.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Michaela A SwalesNorth Wales Clinical Psychology Programme, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7603-1546

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Until the advent of the ICD-11, classification of personality disorders was based on categorical prototypes with a long history. These prototypes, whilst familiar, were not based in the science of personality. Prototypical classifications were also complex to administer in non-specialist settings requiring knowledge of many signs and symptoms. Method: This article introduces the new structure of ICD-11 for personality disorders, describing the different severity levels and trait domain specifiers. Case studies illustrate the main aspects of the classification. Results: The new ICD-11 system acknowledges the fundamentally dimensional nature of personality and its disturbances whilst requiring clinicians to make categorical decisions on the presence or absence of personality disorder and severity (mild, moderate or severe). The connection between normal personality functioning and personality disorder is established by identifying five trait domain specifiers to describe the pattern of a person's personality disturbance (negative affectivity, detachment, dissociality, disinhibition, and anankastia) that connect to the Conclusions: Whilst new assessment measures have been and are in development, the success of the new system will rely on clinicians and researchers embracing the new system to conceptualise and describe personality disturbances and to utilise the classification in the investigation of treatment outcome.

Indexed as

ICD-11personality disorderseverity of personality disordertrait domains

Identifiers

PMID36760321
PMCPMC9881116

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.