ArticleBritish journal of cancer2023
Dietary intake of total, heme and non-heme iron and the risk of colorectal cancer in a European prospective cohort study.
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Article in British journal of cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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21citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Iron Chelation Therapy in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review on Its Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Cancer medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Association of dietary diversity and odds of anemia in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Heme iron intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective analysis of the modifying role of calcium.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Hypoxia-induced lnc-IRP drives oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer through IRP2 sequestration and iron metabolism reprogramming.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Iron Metabolism in the Colorectal Tumor Microenvironment: From Preneoplastic Lesions to Cancer Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The role of iron in driving sex-biased differences in cancer.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Protein Paradox: Protein Quality Based on Amino Acids Composition is Poorly Associated with Health Outcomes.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Serum iron status and risk of Tourette's syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Plant-Based Diet and Risk of Iron-deficiency Anemia. A Review of the Current Evidence and Implications for Preventive Strategies.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Dietary Iron Intake and Obesity-related Diseases.Current diabetes reports · 2025Review
- Iron Consumption and Colorectal Cancer in Korean Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Red Meat Amino Acids for Beginners: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- An overview of the current evidences on the role of iron in colorectal cancer: a review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Prolactin Drives Iron Release from Macrophages and Uptake in Mammary Cancer Cells through CD44.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Colorectal cancer prognosis based on dietary pattern using synthetic minority oversampling technique with K-nearest neighbors approach.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Nitrosyl-Heme and Heme Iron Intake from Processed Meats in Subjects from the EPIC-Spain Cohort.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Harmony unveiled: Intricate the interplay of dietary factor, gut microbiota, and colorectal cancer-A narrative review.SAGE open medicine · 2024Review
- Associations of minerals intake with colorectal cancer risk in the prostate, lung, colorectal, ovarian cancer screening trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Iron and cancer: overview of the evidence from population-based studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Iron metabolism in colorectal cancer: a balancing act.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
43 authors at 20 institutions in 12 countries.
Elom K AglagoNutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0442-3284
Amanda J CrossDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Elio RiboliDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-6080
Veronika FedirkoDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
David J HughesCancer Biology and Therapeutics Group (CBT), Conway Institute, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science (SBBS), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Agnes FournierCentre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
Paula JakszynUnit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
Heinz FreislingNutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8648-4998
Marc J GunterNutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Christina C DahmDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-2893
Kim OvervadDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Anne TjønnelandDanish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Cecilie KyrøDanish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Marie-Christine Boutron-RuaultCentre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
Joseph A RothwellCentre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
Gianluca SeveriCentre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
Verena KatzkeDivision of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Bernard SrourDivision of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Matthias B SchulzeDepartment of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Clemens WittenbecherDepartment of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Domenico PalliCancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, ISPRO, Florence, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5558-2437
Sabina SieriEpidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian, 120133, Milano, Italy.
Fabrizio PasanisiInternal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Rosario TuminoHyblean Association for Epidemiological Research, AIRE-ONLUS, 97100, Ragusa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2666-414X
Fulvio RicceriDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8749-9737
Bas Bueno-de-MesquitaFormer senior scientist, Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Jeroen W G DerksenJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Guri SkeieFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Torill Enget JensenFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Marko LukicFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Maria-Jose SánchezEscuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain.
Pilar AmianoCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Sandra Colorado-YoharCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Aurelio BarricarteCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Ulrika EricsonDepartment of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Bethany van GuelpenDepartment of Radiation Sciences, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Keren PapierCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Anika KnuppelCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Corinne CasagrandeNutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Inge HuybrechtsNutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3838-855X
Alicia K HeathDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6517-1300
Konstantinos K TsilidisDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-8472
Mazda JenabNutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. jenabm@iarc.who.int.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0573-1852
Centre international de recherche sur le cancer · FRImperial College London · GBUniversité Paris-Sud · FRUiT The Arctic University of Norway · NOAarhus University · DKGerman Cancer Research Center · DEUniversity of Oxford · GBBasque Government · ESDanish Cancer Society · DKFederico II University Hospital · ITFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori · ITHarvard University · USInstitut Català d'Oncologia · ESInstituto de Salud Pública de Navarra · ESItalian Association for Cancer Research · ITLund University · SENational Institute for Public Health and the Environment · NLPiedmont Reference Center for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention · ITRegional Health · USThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center · US
Funding
Cancer Research UK 25004Cancer Research UK 29017Medical Research Council MR/M012190/1World Health Organization 001
Abstract
backgroundIron is an essential micronutrient with differing intake patterns and metabolism between men and women. Epidemiologic evidence on the association of dietary iron and its heme and non-heme components with colorectal cancer (CRC) development is inconclusive.
methodsWe examined baseline dietary questionnaire-assessed intakes of total, heme, and non-heme iron and CRC risk in the EPIC cohort. Sex-specific multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using Cox regression. We modelled substitution of a 1 mg/day of heme iron intake with non-heme iron using the leave one-out method.
resultsOf 450,105 participants (318,680 women) followed for 14.2 ± 4.0 years, 6162 (3511 women) developed CRC. In men, total iron intake was not associated with CRC risk (highest vs. lowest quintile, HR
conclusionsOur findings suggest potential sex-specific CRC risk associations for higher iron consumption that may differ by dietary sources.
Indexed as
Colorectal NeoplasmsHemeCohort StudiesDietEatingFemaleHumansIronMaleProspective StudiesRisk FactorsHemeIron
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