ArticleEye (London, England)2023
The relationship between dry eye disease and anticholinergic burden.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence and association between electronic cigarette use and dry eye symptom severity among Palestinian university students: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Integrated management of dry eye-depression comorbidity: mechanistic insights and temporal therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Mirabegron in patients with age-related macular degeneration treated for overactive bladder: a study protocol for a prospective observational non-randomized trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Dry Eye Disease and Psychiatric Disorders: Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Pregnancy and Dry Eye Syndrome: A Review for Clinical Practice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of geriatric syndrome burden on healthcare services utilization and mortality among community-dwelling older adults: is it still too late to do something?European geriatric medicine · 2025Observational
- Effect of Metformin on Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells: Implications in Aging and Diabetic Dry Eye Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Association between systemic medication use and severity of dry eye signs and symptoms in the DRy eye assessment and management (DREAM) study.The ocular surface · 2024Article
- Induction of Innate Inflammatory Pathways in the Corneal Epithelium in the Desiccating Stress Dry Eye Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Association of Eye Drop-Treated Diseases and Conditions That Can Impair Eye Drop Self-Administration.Ophthalmology. GlaucomaArticle
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAnticholinergic drugs are widely prescribed for many medical conditions. However, data on the association of anticholinergic burden with dry eye disease (DED) are limited. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between anticholinergic burden and DED.
methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated a total of 120 participants who underwent ophthalmological examination between February 2021 and February 2022. The drugs used by the patients in the last 2 months were recorded from the institute's electronic data system. Anticholinergic burden was assessed using the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale.
resultsThe mean age of those patients was 59.0 ± 11.6 years and more than half (n = 33, 64.7%) were women. Patients with DED had significantly higher Charlson comorbidity index scores (p = 0.01), lower Schirmer test values (p = 0.01), higher Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores (p = 0.01), and higher anticholinergic burden (p = 0.01). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between ACB and OSDI scores (r = 0.22, p = 0.02) and a negative correlation between ACB scores and Schirmer test values (r = -0.46, p = 0.01). After adjusting for potential confounding factors (age, gender, and comorbidities), each 1-point increase in anticholinergic burden was found to result in a 2.97-fold increase in the risk of DED (OR: 2.97, 95% confidence interval: 1.22-7.24, p = 0.02).
conclusionAnticholinergic burden appears to be associated with DED. Therefore, greater caution in prescribing anticholinergic drugs for adult patients may be important in reducing the rates of many adverse outcomes.
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