Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36757318›Full record

Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2023

Azithromycin to Prevent Sepsis or Death in Women Planning a Vaginal Birth.

Alan T N Tita, Waldemar A Carlo, Elizabeth M McClure, Musaku Mwenechanya, Elwyn Chomba, Jennifer J Hemingway-Foday, Avinash Kavi, Mrityunjay C Metgud, Shivaprasad S Goudar, Richard Derman and 27 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03871491 (Prevention of Maternal and Neonatal Death/Infections With a Single Oral Dose of Azithromycin in Women in Labor), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
39.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03871491 phase3completednot on this map

Prevention of Maternal and Neonatal Death/Infections With a Single Oral Dose of Azithromycin in Women in Labor (in Low- and Middle-income Countries): a Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorNICHD Global Network for Women's and Children's HealthRan2020 to 2022Enrolled58,747ConditionsMaternal Death, Maternal Infections Affecting Fetus or Newborn, Neonatal SEPSIS, Maternal Sepsis During LaborArmsAzithromycin, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Intrapartum oral azithromycin for maternal infection prophylaxis and the risk of postpartum hemorrhage: A secondary analysis of the A-PLUS trial.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026
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  5. Non-study post-partum antibiotics use and risk of maternal and neonatal infection: A secondary analysis of the A-PLUS randomized controlled trial.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

37 authors at 15 institutions in 10 countries.

Alan T N TitaFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).ORCID 0000-0002-7244-9056
Waldemar A CarloFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Elizabeth M McClureFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Musaku MwenechanyaFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Elwyn ChombaFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Jennifer J Hemingway-FodayFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Avinash KaviFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Mrityunjay C MetgudFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Shivaprasad S GoudarFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Richard DermanFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Adrien LokangakaFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Antoinette TshefuFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Melissa BausermanFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Carl BoseFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Poonam ShivkumarFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Manju WaikarFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Archana PatelFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Patricia L HibberdFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Paul NyongesaFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Fabian EsamaiFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Osayame A EkhaguereFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Sherri BucherFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Saleem JessaniFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Shiyam S TikmaniFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Sarah SaleemFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Robert L GoldenbergFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Sk M BillahFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Ruth LennoxFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Rashidul HaqueFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
William PetriFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Lester FigueroaFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Manolo MazariegosFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Nancy F KrebsFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Janet L MooreFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Tracy L NolenFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
Marion Koso-ThomasFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (A.T.N.T., W.A.C.); RTI International, Durham (E.M.M., J.J.H.-F., J.L.M., T.L.N.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.B., C.B.) - both in North Carolina; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (M. Mwenechanya, E.C.); Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi (A.K., M.C.M., S.S.G.), Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram (P.S.), Government Medical College (M.W.) and Lata Medical Research Foundation (A.P.), Nagpur, and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha (A.P.) - all in India; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (R.D.); Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (A.L., A.T.); Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (P.L.H.); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (P.N., F.E.); Indiana School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis (O.A.E., S.B.); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.J., S.S.T., S.S.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York (R.L.G.); the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka (S.M.B., R.H.), and LAMB Hospital, Parbattipur (R.L.) - both in Bangladesh; the University of Sydney, Sydney (S.M.B.); the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (W.P.); Instituto de Nutrición de Centroamérica y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (L.F., M. Mazariegos); the University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver (N.F.K.); and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD (M.K.-T.).
A-PLUS Trial Group
University of North Carolina Hospitals · USRTI International · USAga Khan University · PKJawaharlal Nehru Medical College · INMinistry of Public Health · CDMoi University · KEUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USUniversity Teaching Hospital · ZMBoston University · USInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research · BDLambeth Hospital · GBLata Medical Research Foundation · INThe University of Sydney · AUThomas Jefferson University · US

Funding

Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research Data Coordinating CenterU24HD092094 · NICHD · RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE · PI Elizabeth M McClure · 2017 to 2026
$17.8M
The University of North Carolina-Kinshasa School of Public Health Research Partnership in the Democratic Republic of Congo; a Model for Improving Women'sand Children's Health Through ResearchUG1HD076465 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI MELISSA SCHWEIKHART BAUSERMAN · 2018 to 2026
$5.6M
Boston University/Lata Medical Research Foundation Global Network for Women's Children's Health Research UnitUG1HD078439 · NICHD · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI Patricia L Hibberd · 2018 to 2026
$5.5M
TJU-JNMC Global Network for Women's & Children's Health Research UnitUG1HD076457 · NICHD · THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY · PI RICHARD J DERMAN · 2018 to 2026
$5.5M
Nutrition-specific interventions to improve long-term maternal-child health outcomesUG1HD076474 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI Edwin Jose Asturias, NANCY F KREBS · 2018 to 2026
$5.4M
University of Virginia - icddr,b Research Unit for Women's and Children's Health ResearchUG1HD096730 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI Christian A Chisholm · 2018 to 2026
$5.3M
NICHD NIH HHS U24 HD092094NICHD NIH HHS UG1 HD076457NICHD NIH HHS UG1 HD076465NICHD NIH HHS UG1 HD076474NICHD NIH HHS UG1 HD078439NICHD NIH HHS UG1 HD096730
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe use of azithromycin reduces maternal infection in women during unplanned cesarean delivery, but its effect on those with planned vaginal delivery is unknown. Data are needed on whether an intrapartum oral dose of azithromycin would reduce maternal and offspring sepsis or death.

methodsIn this multicountry, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, we assigned women who were in labor at 28 weeks' gestation or more and who were planning a vaginal delivery to receive a single 2-g oral dose of azithromycin or placebo. The two primary outcomes were a composite of maternal sepsis or death and a composite of stillbirth or neonatal death or sepsis. During an interim analysis, the data and safety monitoring committee recommended stopping the trial for maternal benefit.

resultsA total of 29,278 women underwent randomization. The incidence of maternal sepsis or death was lower in the azithromycin group than in the placebo group (1.6% vs. 2.4%), with a relative risk of 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56 to 0.79; P<0.001), but the incidence of stillbirth or neonatal death or sepsis was similar (10.5% vs. 10.3%), with a relative risk of 1.02 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.09; P = 0.56). The difference in the maternal primary outcome appeared to be driven mainly by the incidence of sepsis (1.5% in the azithromycin group and 2.3% in the placebo group), with a relative risk of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.55 to 0.77); the incidence of death from any cause was 0.1% in the two groups (relative risk, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.51 to 2.97). Neonatal sepsis occurred in 9.8% and 9.6% of the infants, respectively (relative risk, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.10). The incidence of stillbirth was 0.4% in the two groups (relative risk, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.53); neonatal death within 4 weeks after birth occurred in 1.5% in both groups (relative risk, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.24). Azithromycin was not associated with a higher incidence in adverse events.

conclusionsAmong women planning a vaginal delivery, a single oral dose of azithromycin resulted in a significantly lower risk of maternal sepsis or death than placebo but had little effect on newborn sepsis or death. (Funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and others; A-PLUS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03871491.).

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsAzithromycinDelivery, ObstetricPerinatal DeathPregnancy Complications, InfectiousSepsisAdministration, OralFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornNeonatal SepsisPregnancyPregnancy OutcomeStillbirthUnited StatesAnti-Bacterial AgentsAzithromycin

Identifiers

PMID36757318
PMCPMC10627427
OpenAlexW4319656018

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.