ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2023
Portrait of an autologous cancer vaccine: Then and now.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fragment Autoantigens Stimulated T-Cell-Immunotherapy (FAST) as a Fast Autologous Cancer Vaccine.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Monophosphoryl Lipid A-2,4-Dinitrophenylamine Conjugates Are Potent Adjuvants for Carbohydrate and Protein Vaccines.JACS Au · 2025Article
- Long-Term Survival and Immune Response Dynamics in Melanoma Patients Undergoing TAPCells-Based Vaccination Therapy.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Efficacy of novel allogeneic cancer cells vaccine to treat colorectal cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Active immunotherapy of cancer with therapeutic vaccines has been the subject of experimental and clinical studies for at least 50 years. Our approach has employed 1) autologous, human cancer cells because of extensive evidence that tumor rejection antigens may differ between multiple tumors of the same histology; 2) the immunopotentiating drug, cyclophosphamide; and 3) haptens, particularly dinitrophenyl. Multiple clinical trials in 455 patients with melanoma and ovarian cancer have shown that administration of haptenized vaccines at the proper dosage-schedule regularly induces T cell-mediated immunity to autologous tumor cells as measured by delayed-type hypersensitivity. Moreover, the vaccine causes changes in the tumor site suggestive of an immune reaction, including inflammation and infiltration with CD8+ T lymphocytes that are activated and produce cytokines. The T cell response is oligoclonal, and dominant Vβ families differ between patients. Studies of measurable metastases show clinically important tumor regression. Commercial development of this technology is clearly feasible.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.