ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2023
Melanophages give rise to hyperreflective foci in AMD, a disease-progression marker.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myeloid deficiency of RORα exacerbates lipid dysregulation and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization.Angiogenesis · 2026Article
- High-Resolution and Multimodal Structural Phenotyping of Intermediate and Advanced Non-Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-2 inhibitions on intraretinal hyperreflective foci in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Faricimab for treatment-naïve nAMD: 1- and 2-year outcomes and PS-OCT polarimetric entropy.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Interpreting Hyperreflective Foci in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Critical Review of Cell Origins, Evolving Terminology and Clinical Utility.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Engineering a PD-L1-sensing synthetic receptor for programmable macrophage response.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Article
- Hyperreflective Foci in the Inner Nuclear Layer: Proof-of-Concept for an Optical Coherence Tomography Derived Microglia-Related Marker in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- [Diseases of the vitreoretinal interface : What role does the vitreous body play?]Die Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- IL-1-mediated vitreous inflammation as an early indicator of retinal ganglion cell loss following acute optic nerve injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Characterization of mouse melanocytes reveals ultrastructural and immunological insights into the inner ear function.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Vitreous Inflammation as an Early Indicator of Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss Following Acute Optic Nerve Injury in Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Functional Outcomes Across High-Risk OCT-Based Phenotypes in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration-PINNACLE Study Report 11.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Observational
- Using adaptive optics to assess hyporeflective clump speed and size in age-related macular degeneration in the PINNACLE Study. (PINNACLE Study Report 6).Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- A framework of biomarkers for visual system aging: a consensus statement by the Aging Biomarker Consortium.Life medicine · 2025Article
- Glycolipids implicated as mediators of clinically visible retinal pigment epithelial migration in age-related macular degeneration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Hyperreflective Foci Along the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Predict the Onset of Large Choroidal Hypertransmission Defects in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Chronic intermittent hypoxia disrupts protective microgliosis in ischemic proliferative retinopathy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Photoreceptor Function and Structure in Retinal Areas With Intraretinal Hyperreflective Foci in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Fundus Autofluorescence Variation in Geographic Atrophy of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Clinicopathologic Correlation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Hyperreflective retinal foci are associated with retinal degeneration after optic neuritis in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Retinal melanosome/melanolipofuscin-containing cells (MCCs), clinically visible as hyperreflective foci (HRF) and a highly predictive imaging biomarker for the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are widely believed to be migrating retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Using human donor tissue, we identify the vast majority of MCCs as melanophages, melanosome/melanolipofuscin-laden mononuclear phagocytes (MPs). Using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, RPE flatmounts, bone marrow transplantation and in vitro experiments, we show how retinal melanophages form by the transfer of melanosomes from the RPE to subretinal MPs when the "don't eat me" signal CD47 is blocked. These melanophages give rise to hyperreflective foci in Cd47
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.