ArticleBMC cancer2023
CD1C is associated with breast cancer prognosis and immune infiltrates.
Article in BMC cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lysosome-related biomarkers in peripheral blood immune cells discriminate sepsis from SIRS.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Neutrophil-related Signature Characterizes Immune Landscape and Predicts Prognosis of Invasive Breast Cancer.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis identified SLC16A3 as a potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarker.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Identification of immune-related hub genes and potential molecular mechanisms involved in COVID-19 via integrated bioinformatics analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Bootstrap Evaluation of Association Matrices (BEAM) for Integrating Multiple Omics Profiles with Multiple Outcomes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- SCARB2 associates with tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
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- Integrated Analysis of CD1A Immune Infiltration and Competing Endogenous RNA Networks in COAD.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- Multiomics Analysis of Disulfidptosis Patterns and Integrated Machine Learning to Predict Immunotherapy Response in Lung Adenocarcinoma.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- IdentifyingPeerJ · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer plays a vital role in occurrence, development, and therapeutic responses. However, immune and stroma constituents in the TME are major obstacles to understanding and treating breast cancer. We evaluated the significance of TME-related genes in breast cancer.
methodsInvasive breast cancer (BRCA) samples were retrieved from the TCGA and GEO databases. Stroma and immune scores of samples as well as the proportion of tumor infiltrating immune cells (TICs) were calculated using the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms. TME-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by a protein interaction (PPI) network and univariate Cox regression to determine CD1C as a hub gene. Subsequently, the prognostic value of CD1C, its response to immunotherapy, and its mechanism in the TME were further studied.
resultsIn BRCA, DEGs were determined to identify CD1C as a hub gene. The expression level of CD1C in BRCA patients was verified based on the TCGA database, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results, and western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) results revealed a correlation between prognosis, clinical features, and CD1C expression in BRCA. Enrichment analysis of GSEA and GSVA showed that CD1C participates in immune-associated signaling pathways. CIBERSORT showed that CD1C levels were associated with tumor immune infiltrating cells (TILs), such as different kinds of T cells. Gene co-expression analysis showed that CD1C and the majority of immune-associated genes were co-expressed in BRCA. In renal cell carcinoma, patients with a high expression of CD1C had a better immunotherapy effect.
conclusionCD1C is an important part of the TME and participates in immune activity regulation in breast tumors. CD1C is expected to become a prognostic marker and a new treatment target for breast cancer.
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