ReviewScientific reports2023
Development of prevention strategies against bath-related deaths based on epidemiological surveys of inquest records in Kagoshima Prefecture.
Review in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Practical Consensus Guidelines for Seasonal Blood Pressure Management.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- A forensic autopsy case of suicide using baking soda and citric acid in a bathtub.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Article
- Forecasting daily bathtub-drowning mortality in Japan: a comparative analysis of statistical, machine learning, and deep learning approaches.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Bathing-related accidents requiring ambulance dispatches in relation to age and ambient temperature in Nagoya, Japan: differences between detached houses and apartment buildings.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Seasonal variations in bathtub drowning deaths and the impact of outdoor temperatures: a nationwide time-series analysis with future projections.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Association between outdoor temperature and bath-related drowning deaths in Japan (1995-2020): modifying factors and the role of prefectural characteristics.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Bathing-Related Ischemic Stroke: Association between Stroke Subtype and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2024Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sudden death in the bathroom (bath-related death) occurs more frequently in Japan than in other countries. To clarify the epidemiological characteristics of bath-related deaths, we reviewed inquest records of deaths in Kagoshima Prefecture from 2006 to 2019. We identified 2689 cases of bath-related death. Of these cases, 90% were among people aged ≥ 65 years. The majority occurred in a home bathtub between 16:00 and 20:00. Most deaths (52.0%) occurred in winter (December-February), and there were extremely strong negative correlations with the environmental temperatures (maximum, minimum, and mean) on the day of death. We identified the environmental temperature during cold winter months that bath-related deaths are likely to occur in Kagoshima, although further investigation concerning the effects of other confounding factors is required. Forensic autopsies have only been performed in 29 cases and the cause of death was not diagnosed correctly in the majority of cases. Although autopsies are essential to elucidate the pathogenesis of the deaths, it is difficult to increase the rate of autopsies under the current Japanese death investigation system. Therefore, we suggest that the best way to prevent bath-related death is establishing an "Alert system" based on our results, and to have people refrain from bathing on dangerous days.
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