ReviewNPJ primary care respiratory medicine2023
Key recommendations for primary care from the 2022 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) update.
Review in NPJ primary care respiratory medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 185 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
185 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 317 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prebiotics and Synbiotics in Asthma: An Integrative Review of Human Trials and Murine Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Dietary intake of different carbohydrate types and asthma risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition journal · 2025Pooled it
- 131 genetic loci highlight immunological pathways and tissues in nasal polyposis and asthma.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Experience of Using Electronic Inhaler Monitoring Devices for Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Asthma: Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions for reducing caregiver burden in chronic dyspnea: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- New spirometry recommendations from the Brazilian Thoracic Association - 2024 update.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2025Guideline
- Exploring the Relationship between Inhaled Corticosteroid Usage, Asthma Severity, and Sleep-Disordered Breathing: A Systematic Literature Review.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Nurses' Role in the Control and Treatment of Asthma in Adults: A Systematic Literature Review.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of inspiratory muscle training in children with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Geographic pattern of asthma prevalence in Brazilian adolescents: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Jornal de pediatriaPooled it
- Visual feedback using electrical impedance tomography during inhalation therapy for chronic obstructive lung disease: a pilot study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness of a home-based exercise program on functional outcomes in women with asthma: A randomized controlled trial.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Trial
- Inhaled Corticosteroids Plus Tiotropium Compared to Inhaled Corticosteroids Plus Montelukast in Children with Partly Controlled/Uncontrolled Asthma: A Non-Inferiority Trial.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Effect of point application therapy for bronchial asthma: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2026Trial
- A cluster randomized controlled trial of an electronic medical record-based pathway for pediatric asthma in primary care in Alberta.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025Trial
- The Efficacy of Daily Salmon Oil for Adult Type 2 Asthma: An Exploratory Randomized Double-Blind Trial.Marine drugs · 2025Trial
- Superior Benefits of Combining Mepolizumab With Sinus Surgery Compared to Mepolizumab Alone: Results From a Randomised 6-Month Trial.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Trial
- Left ventricular systolic function after inhalation of beta-2 agonists in healthy athletes.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- The effect of wet cupping therapy on the clinical symptoms of adult-onset asthma: a randomized clinical trial.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2024Trial
125 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 19 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) was established in 1993 by the World Health Organization and the US National Heart Lung and Blood Institute to improve asthma awareness, prevention and management worldwide. GINA develops and publishes evidence-based, annually updated resources for clinicians. GINA guidance is adopted by national asthma guidelines in many countries, adapted to fit local healthcare systems, practices, and resource availability. GINA is independent of industry, funded by the sale and licensing of its materials. This review summarizes key practical guidance for primary care from the 2022 GINA strategy report. It provides guidance on confirming the diagnosis of asthma using spirometry or peak expiratory flow. GINA recommends that all adults, adolescents and most children with asthma should receive inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-containing therapy to reduce the risk of severe exacerbations, either taken regularly, or (for adults and adolescents with "mild" asthma) as combination ICS-formoterol taken as needed for symptom relief. For patients with moderate-severe asthma, the preferred regimen is maintenance-and-reliever therapy (MART) with ICS-formoterol. Asthma treatment is not "one size fits all"; GINA recommends individualized assessment, adjustment, and review of treatment. As many patients with difficult-to-treat or severe asthma are not referred early for specialist review, we provide updated guidance for primary care on diagnosis, further investigation, optimization and treatment of severe asthma across secondary and tertiary care. While the GINA strategy has global relevance, we recognize that there are special considerations for its adoption in low- and middle-income countries, particularly the current poor access to inhaled medications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.