ArticleEndocrinology2023
2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol Induces Adipogenesis in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Activating Retinoid X Receptors.
Article in Endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinoid-X receptor action and disruption in development.Developmental biology · 2026Review
- Identifying Food Packaging Migrants: Current Analytical Capabilities, Challenges, and Future Prospects.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Integrated Chemical and Hazard Assessment of Plastic Pellets from theEnvironmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Article
- Antimicrobial activity of some bacteria isolated from marine sponge in Neom region, Saudi Arabia.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- An in silico to in vivo approach identifies retinoid-X receptor activating tert-butylphenols used in food contact materials.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Effects ofACS omega · 2024Article
- [Synthetic phenolic compounds perturb lipid metabolism and induce obesogenic effects].Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography · 2024Review
- Addressing chemically-induced obesogenic metabolic disruption: selection of chemicals forFrontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol Induces Adipogenesis in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Activating Retinoid X Receptors.Endocrinology · 2023Article
- Development of new approach methods for the identification and characterization of endocrine metabolic disruptors-a PARC project.Frontiers in toxicology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) is an important commercial antioxidant and a toxic natural secondary metabolite that has been detected in humans. However, there is scant information regarding its toxicological effects. We asked whether 2,4-DTBP is a potential obesogen. Using a human mesenchymal stem cell adipogenesis assay, we found that exposure to 2,4-DTBP led to increased lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic marker genes. Antagonist assays revealed that 2,4-DTBP increased lipid accumulation by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ-retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimer. 2,4-DTBP likely activated the PPARγ/RXRα heterodimer by activating RXRα but not directly binding to PPARγ. We confirmed that 2,4-DTBP directly bound to RXRα by solving the crystal structure of this complex, then predicted and demonstrated that related compounds could also activate RXRα. Our study demonstrated that 2,4-DTBP and related chemicals could act as obesogens and endocrine disruptors via RXRs. These data showed that 2,4-DTBP belongs to a family of compounds whose endocrine-disrupting and obesogenic effects can be strongly modulated by their chemical composition. Structure-activity studies such as the present one could help guide the rational development of safer antioxidants that do not interact with important nuclear receptors having broad effects on human development and physiology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.