ArticleCell2023
Bacteriophages inhibit and evade cGAS-like immune function in bacteria.
Article in Cell, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 85 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- How bacterial immune systems sense phage infection.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Bacteriophage-bacteria coevolution: from molecular arms races to ecological and applied perspectives.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Gabija restricts phage circularization and DNA replication.Cell host & microbe · 2026Article
- Phage-encoded NARP3 system rebuilds NADScience advances · 2026Article
- CBASS limits bacteriophage production while maintaining cell viability in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Cell host & microbe · 2026Article
- END nucleases are antiphage defence systems targeting multiple phages with modified genomes.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Phage host range: determinants, dynamics and applications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Type III Druantia two-component antiphage defense depends on the DruH-DruE interaction for inhibiting viral DNA circularization and replication.Cell insight · 2026Article
- Article
- Balancing of immune activation and suppression during phage infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Functional diversity of phage sponge proteins that sequester host immune signals.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Phage RyR-domain proteins degrade ADPR-based immune signals and fuel NADbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A phage-encoded sponge protein suppresses bacterial TIR-Caspase immune signaling.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Simultaneous inhibition of bacterial virulence and anti-phage defense systems by synergistic bacteriophage counter-defense proteins.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Periplasmic gatekeeping of phage DNA entry by an rSAM enzyme matured effector with HxS repeats.Nature communications · 2026Article
- CBASS limits bacteriophage production while maintaining cell viability inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- A prophage-expressed type IV pilus component provides anti-phage defense.Cell reports · 2026Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A fundamental strategy of eukaryotic antiviral immunity involves the cGAS enzyme, which synthesizes 2',3'-cGAMP and activates the effector STING. Diverse bacteria contain cGAS-like enzymes that produce cyclic oligonucleotides and induce anti-phage activity, known as CBASS. However, this activity has only been demonstrated through heterologous expression. Whether bacteria harboring CBASS antagonize and co-evolve with phages is unknown. Here, we identified an endogenous cGAS-like enzyme in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that generates 3',3'-cGAMP during phage infection, signals to a phospholipase effector, and limits phage replication. In response, phages express an anti-CBASS protein ("Acb2") that forms a hexamer with three 3',3'-cGAMP molecules and reduces phospholipase activity. Acb2 also binds to molecules produced by other bacterial cGAS-like enzymes (3',3'-cUU/UA/UG/AA) and mammalian cGAS (2',3'-cGAMP), suggesting broad inhibition of cGAS-based immunity. Upon Acb2 deletion, CBASS blocks lytic phage replication and lysogenic induction, but rare phages evade CBASS through major capsid gene mutations. Altogether, we demonstrate endogenous CBASS anti-phage function and strategies of CBASS inhibition and evasion.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.