ArticleThe International journal of social psychiatry2023
Burnout, mental health, physical symptoms, and coping behaviors in healthcare workers in Belize amidst COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide cross-sectional study.
Article in The International journal of social psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Burnout among healthcare workers in Lebanon: a multicentred cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- The impact of transformational leadership on nurses' work alienation: the chain mediation of organizational climate and psychological empowerment.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Psychosocial predictors of emotional eating among Thai nurses: a cross-sectional study.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Physician burnout, associated factors, and their effects on work performance throughout first-year internships during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Musculoskeletal Disorder-Related Absenteeism Among Pediatric Healthcare Workers.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Current state of mental health and substance use in Toledo, Belize: A mixed methods study.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Burnout among public health physicians and residents in Canada following the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- The relationship between role ambiguity, emotional exhaustion and work alienation among chinese nurses two years after COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Work engagement and associated factors among healthcare professionals in the post-pandemic era: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
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4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundHealthcare workers are vulnerable to burnout, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic in the low resource settings. Belize is a small Central American developing country known for its chronic healthcare worker shortage and this is the first study to assess burnout prevalence and its associated factors among healthcare workers in Belize.
aimTo evaluate the prevalence of burnout and its associated factors in HCWs in Belize covering multiple domains (mental health, physical symptoms, and coping behaviors) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsA cross-sectional survey that was developed and validated by a panel of experts was delivered online to all the healthcare workers in Belize from September to November 2021. Burnout was assessed using Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Depression and anxiety screening was carried out using the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2 (PHQ-2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2). Burnout associated factors were estimated using logistic regression models.
findingsOf the total of 263 participants, 27.76% had overall burnout: 56.65% had personal, 54.37% had work-related, and 19.39% had patient-related burnout. Burnout was positively associated with anxiety (OR: 3.14 [1.67, 5.92]), depression (OR: 4.45 [2.30, 8.61]), intentions of quitting their jobs (OR: 2.59 [1.49, 4.51]), health status worsening (OR: 2.21 [1.26, 3.87]), multiple physical symptom presentation (OR: 1.19, [1.10, 1.29]), and use of multiple maladaptive coping behaviors (OR: 1.66, [1.30, 2.12]).
interpretationHealthcare workers in Belize showed substantial levels of burnout which were significantly associated with using maladaptive coping behaviors, presenting multiple physical symptoms, quitting their jobs, health status worsening, and other mental health issues. These findings should be used to develop and implement programs such as regular health check-ups, health promotion awareness campaigns, and worker recruitment strategies which would improve the working conditions, quality of life, and psychological well-being of our healthcare workers.
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