ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2023
Evaluation of Sampling and Concentration Methods for Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Detection from Wastewater.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative analysis of wastewater sample processing methods for antimicrobial resistance surveillance.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Optimal control of Typhoid fever transmission under environmental and public health interventions.PloS one · 2026Article
- Diversity of Salmonella enterica isolates from urban river and sewage water in Blantyre, Malawi.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Wastewater surveillance for Salmonella Typhi and its association with seroincidence of enteric fever in Vellore, India.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Can Wastewater Surveillance Enhance Genomic Tracking of Climate-Driven Pathogens?Microorganisms · 2025Review
- A Perspective on Wastewater and Environmental Surveillance as a Public Health Tool for Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Moore and grab sampling method for Salmonella Typhi detection in environmental samples in Ghana.PloS one · 2025Article
- Environmental surveillance for Salmonella Typhi in rivers and wastewater from an informal sewage network in Blantyre, Malawi.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella Typhi culture-based wastewater or non-sewered sanitation surveillance in a resource-limited region.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- Environmental Surveillance for Salmonella Typhi and its Association With Typhoid Fever Incidence in India and Malawi.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Development of a computational model to inform environmental surveillance sampling plans for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in wastewater.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Wastewater surveillance for bacterial targets: current challenges and future goals.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Environmental sampling for typhoidal Salmonellas in household and surface waters in Nepal identifies potential transmission pathways.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Typhoid Control in an Era of Antimicrobial Resistance: Challenges and Opportunities.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar (Salmonella Typhi) is the causative bacterial agent of typhoid fever. Environmental surveillance of wastewater and wastewater-impacted surface waters has proven effective in monitoring various pathogens and has recently been applied to Salmonella Typhi. This study evaluated eight sample collection and concentration methods with 12 variations currently being developed and used for Salmonella Typhi surveillance globally to better understand the performance of each method based on its ability to detect Salmonella Typhi and its feasibility. Salmonella Typhi strains Ty21a and Ty2 were seeded to influent wastewater at known concentrations to evaluate the following methods: grab sampling using electropositive filters, centrifugation, direct enrichment, or membrane filtration and trap sampling using Moore swabs. Concentrated samples underwent nucleic acid extraction and were detected and/or quantified via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results suggest that all methods tested can be successful at concentrating Salmonella Typhi for subsequent detection by qPCR, although each method has its own strengths and weaknesses, including the Salmonella Typhi concentration it is best suited for, with a range of positive detections observed as low as 0.1-0.001 colony-forming units (CFU) Ty21a/mL and 0.01 CFU Ty2/mL. These factors should be considered when identifying a method for environmental surveillance and will greatly depend on the use case planned.
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