ArticleBJPsych open2023
Investigating the association between schizophrenia and distance visual acuity: Mendelian randomisation study.
Article in BJPsych open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Further Evidence Is Needed to Support the Perceptual Theory of Schizophrenia.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Retinal Origins of Aberrant Salience in Schizophrenia: The Perceptual Theory.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- What one sees depends on how far the eye has moved.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Examining the genetic relationship between Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and their shared risk factors using genomic structural equation modelling.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Investigating the association between schizophrenia and distance visual acuity: Mendelian randomisation study - CORRIGENDUM.BJPsych open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncreased rates of visual impairment are observed in people with schizophrenia.
aimsWe assessed whether genetically predicted poor distance acuity is causally associated with schizophrenia, and whether genetically predicted schizophrenia is causally associated with poorer visual acuity.
methodWe used bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian randomisation to assess the effect of poor distance acuity on schizophrenia risk, poorer visual acuity on schizophrenia risk and schizophrenia on visual acuity, in European and East Asian ancestry samples ranging from approximately 14 000 to 500 000 participants. Genetic instrumental variables were obtained from the largest available summary statistics: for schizophrenia, from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium; for visual acuity, from the UK Biobank; and for poor distance acuity, from a meta-analysis of case-control samples. We used the inverse variance-weighted method and sensitivity analyses to test validity of results.
resultsWe found little evidence that poor distance acuity was causally associated with schizophrenia (odds ratio 1.00, 95% CI 0.91-1.10). Genetically predicted schizophrenia was associated with poorer visual acuity (mean difference in logMAR score: 0.024, 95% CI 0.014-0.033) in European ancestry samples, with a similar but less precise effect that in smaller East Asian ancestry samples (mean difference: 0.186, 95% CI -0.008 to 0.379).
conclusionsGenetic evidence supports schizophrenia being a causal risk factor for poorer visual acuity, but not the converse. This highlights the importance of visual care for people with psychosis and refutes previous hypotheses that visual impairment is a potential target for prevention of schizophrenia.
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