ReviewJournal of stroke2023
Sex and Gender Differences in Stroke and Their Practical Implications in Acute Care.
Review in Journal of stroke, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toward the Clinical Translation of Implantable Brain-Computer Interfaces for Motor Impairment: Research Trends and Outcome Measures.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Pooled it
- Deep learning for MRI-based acute and subacute ischaemic stroke lesion segmentation-a systematic review, meta-analysis, and pilot evaluation of key results.Frontiers in medical technology · 2025Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic and Prognostic Implications.Kidney & blood pressure research · 2025Pooled it
- Association of 24-Hour Computed Tomography Infarct Density on Functional Outcomes in Stroke: Secondary Analysis From the AcT Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Quality of life indicators among recent Ghanaian stroke survivors across 10 hospitals: A cross-sectional study.Equity neuroscience · 2026Article
- Prevalence and burden of neurological diseases in China: An analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Shared transcriptomic signatures in perilesional and contralesional cortex after ischemic stroke.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- The role of estrogen and its receptors in the regulation of ferroptosis and autophagy.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- 'It's like a Gordian knot' - the management of patients with persistent postconcussion symptoms in general practice: a qualitative study.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Exploring Sex Differences in Stroke Outcomes: A Comprehensive Analysis From the SPAN 1 Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex and gender-related differences in neurological diseases: current challenges and recommendations for clinical practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Assessing Stroke Caregivers' Preparedness and Associated Factors for Patients' Transition From Hospital to Home.Stroke research and treatment · 2026Article
- Sex differences in risk factors, stroke etiology, treatment characteristics, and outcomes after endovascular treatment for anterior circulation ischemic stroke.Frontiers in stroke · 2026Article
- Biological sex-dependent differences in acute and post-acute stroke care-a population-based case-control study.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Sex-related differences in the applicability and performance of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in the acute phase of stroke.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Sex Modifies the Association Between Neutrophil Percentage-to-Albumin Ratio and Stroke-Associated Pneumonia in Acute Ischemic Stroke.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Visceral Adiposity and Inflammation Index as Predictors of Stroke Risk in Middle and Older Age: A Cohort Study Across Blood Pressure Groups.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Gender Differences in Subacute Post-Stroke Patients During Rehabilitation: Functional, Cognitive, and Nutritional Insights.Neurology international · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There are several controversies regarding the role of sex and gender in the pathophysiology and management of acute stroke. Assessing the role of sex, i.e., biological/pathophysiological factors, and gender, i.e., sociocultural factors, in isolation is often not possible since they are closely intertwined with each other. To complicate matters even more, the functional baseline status of women and men at the time of their first stroke is substantially different, whereby women have, on average, a poorer reported/ascertained baseline function compared to men. These differences in baseline variables account for a large part of the differences in post-stroke outcomes between women and men. Adjusting for these baseline differences is difficult, and in many cases, residual confounding cannot be excluded. Despite these obstacles, a better understanding of how patient sex and gender differences influence acute stroke and stroke care pathways is crucial to avoid biases and allow us to provide the best possible care for all acute stroke patients. Disregarding patient sex and gender on one hand and ignoring potential confounding factors in sex- and gender-stratified analyses on the other hand, may cause researchers to come to erroneous conclusions and physicians to provide suboptimal care. This review outlines sex- and gender-related factors in key aspects of acute stroke, including acute stroke epidemiology, diagnosis, access to care, treatment outcomes, and post-acute care. We also attempt to outline knowledge gaps, which deserve to be studied in further detail, and practical implications for physicians treating acute stroke patients in their daily practice.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.