ArticlePharmacoepidemiology2022
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Buprenorphine-Naloxone on Opioid Overdose and Death among Insured Patients with Opioid Use Disorder in the United States.
Article in Pharmacoepidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of buprenorphine treatment response.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- The effectiveness of the communities that HEAL intervention on reducing non-fatal opioid overdoses: A prespecified secondary analysis of a waitlist cluster control randomized controlled trial.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Trial
- Risk of opioid overdose during buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder in the fentanyl era.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- SubgroupTE: Advancing Treatment Effect Estimation with Subgroup Identification.ACM transactions on intelligent systems and technology · 2025Article
- Barriers and Facilitators to Using a Clinical Decision Support Tool for Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM · 2024Article
- Overview of best practices for buprenorphine initiation in the emergency department.International journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Adapting behavioral activation for patients receiving medications for opioid use disorder in primary care: a pilot study.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Heterogeneous Treatment Effect Estimation with Subpopulation Identification for Personalized Medicine in Opioid Use Disorder.Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Data Mining · 2023Article
- Risk of self-harm and overdose after starting buprenorphine for opioid use disorder.General hospital psychiatryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic disease requiring long-term treatment and is associated with opioid overdose and increased risk of mortality. However, existing randomized clinical trials focused on short-term treatment engagement and detoxification rather than overdose or mortality risk due to limited follow-up time and ethical considerations. We used a hypothetical trial framework to conduct a retrospective cohort study to assess the effectiveness of time-varying buprenorphine-naloxone on opioid overdose and death. We identified 58,835 insured adult patients with OUD diagnosis in the US, 2010-2017. We fit a marginal structural model using inverse probability weighting methods to account for measured baseline and time-varying confounders, as well as selection bias due to possibly differential loss-to-follow-up. We found that receipt of buprenorphine-naloxone was associated with reduced risk of opioid overdose (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.91), death (HR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.75), and overdose or death (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.84). The E-value for death was 7.8, which was larger than the upper 95% CI of the association between each measured baseline variable and all-cause death, which implies that the unmeasured confounding itself may not explain away the estimated effect of treatment on the endpoint of all-cause mortality.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.