ArticleFrontiers in psychology2023
Measuring optimal psychological states: Proposal of two brief versions to measure flow and clutch in athletes.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Burnout, recovery, and flow in youth high-performance athletes: a multilevel mixed-methods examination of mental health and psychological functioning in Chinese athletes.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- A framework for neurophysiological experiments on flow states.Communications psychology · 2024Review
- Analysis of the Sports Psychological Profile, Competitive Anxiety, Self-Confidence and Flow State in Young Football Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The study of sports experiences with high levels of performance has led to the observation of two psychological states categorized as optimal, denominated flow and clutch. The objective of this study is to design and validate two brief scales version to measure flow and clutch. Methods: Following the MIMO (Maximum Information, Minimum Discomfort) protocol, three studies are carried out: In Study 1, we developed the short versions of the questionnaires based on theory-driven and data-driven criteria; in Study 2, we used quantitative criteria to validate the short versions; and in Study 3, we checked the final version of each scale to observe their statistical validity and their relation to other variables. Results: The new short flow scale is made up of seven items, while the clutch scale is made up of five items. Throughout the three studies, evidence is provided of the internal consistency, invariance of the measurement models and content validity, validity related to the responding process and validity in relation to other variables. Conclusion: This study provides two short versions to evaluate flow and clutch, which will help to continue advancing in the study of optimal psychological states in sport.
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